基于模糊神经网络的中庭火灾探测系统

将探测器的输出信号模糊化后送入神经网络进行处理,采用3层前馈BP神经网络结构,用BP算法进行网络参数的训练,然后由模糊逻辑判决火灾和非火灾。用Matlab语言进行仿真,结果表明基于模糊神经网络的中庭火灾探测系统能够准确探测各种标准试验火。     

京津冀地区公共建筑中庭物理环境优化设计研究

目前,公共建筑中庭物理环境舒适度不 足,且建筑集成化物理性能模拟较缺失。基于中 庭物理环境待优化的目的,通过Grasshopper建 立集成参数化模拟平台,以光环境、热环境、风 环境舒适性为评价维度,以全年热舒适小时数、 采光系数、全天然自然采光百分比、眩光指数、室 内平均风速为优化指标,对京津冀地区典型二、 三、四向中庭的层高、中庭天窗比、窗墙比、窗台 高度、走廊宽度等设计参数进行多目标优化模 拟,并基于上述模拟最优解集运用Odeon对语言 传输指数进行进一步筛选,分别获得优选设计参 数指标,并获得以光热舒适性为目的的中庭设计 参数建议。所提出的集成化模拟流程和可为建 筑设计初期的中庭设计提供参考。     

华侨大学厦门校区图书馆中庭夏季室内热环境实测与分析

本文采用自动记录仪,对华侨大学厦门校区图书馆中庭夏季室内热环境实测。根据测得的室内热环境4个参数,结合PMV分析评价华侨大学厦门校区图书馆中庭夏季室内热环境舒适度。主要结论有:(1)华侨大学厦门校区图书馆在开窗和闭窗状态时,中庭温度随着高度的增加而升高;(2)华侨大学厦门校区图书馆在开窗和闭窗时中庭温度差不多,但是开窗时候湿度变化的曲线幅度范围比闭窗的时候大。(3)华侨大学厦门校区图书馆中庭PMV值随着高度的增加而升高,热舒适性随着高度的增加而下降;(4)华侨大学厦门校区图书馆在夏季时不论在开窗还是闭窗状态下,中庭的室内热环境都处于不舒适的范围内。     

现代商业建筑室内开放空间的设计探析

对现代商业建筑内部开放空间的功能策划、形态构成、商业文化等角度进行分析,论述室内开放空间的设计理念和营造具有魅力的现代购物环境。     

Mathematical modeling and experimental study on vertical temperature distribution of hybrid ventilation in an atrium building

An extended Gebhart-Block model for large space buildings is proposed in this paper, which is used to predict the vertical temperature distribution of hybrid ventilation. Natural ventilation coupled with air-conditioning is described with a mathematical model. The indoor thermal environment formed by the air-conditioning and the natural ventilation can also be conducted for the potential analysis and optimal use of the natural ventilation. Experiments were carried out in an atrium building in Shanghai Research Institute of Building Sciences. This paper describes aforementioned model, and it is found that the calculation results implying this model agree well with the measurement data.     

Quantifying the added value of BiPV as a shading solution in atria

Building integration of photovoltaics (PV) has long been acknowledged as a key application for PV in developed countries. The avoided use of comparably priced alternatives such as polished or cut stone in commercial facades enables PV to be applied often at little or no additional cost. The use of semi-transparent PV modules within commercial atria represents an interesting application in this respect as they can be used to replace traditional shading solutions which often have a high maintenance burden. However, compared to standard double glazing, an element incorporating either mono or poly crystalline PV cells in a glass-glass construction comes at a cost premium. To justify such an application there must be significant added value in the PV solution. This paper critically appraises a semi-transparent PV atrium which links two administration buildings at the University of Southampton, enclosing the main campus reception desk. Choosing PV laminates for the atrium roof has multiple benefits for the building users and the wider University, such as electricity generation, solar shading, environmental and technology statements, enhanced comfort and prestigious office workspace. This paper compares alternative shading solutions for the atrium and discusses user perception of the building and the atrium’s impact on their personal workspace. It is shown that PV in commercial atria does not always have to be considered as a ‘luxury’ option. With appropriate consideration of added value factors its selection can be justified in terms of both cost and carbon footprint.     

Luminous impact of balcony floor at atrium spaces with different well geometries

The atrium concept allows the exploitation of daylighting by bringing natural light into the center of the buildings, thus enhancing a more even distribution of daylight. The configuration of interior balconies, however, is determined based on the purpose of the interior space and the use of the building, which may defeat the primary daylighting advantages inherent in the atrium concept. The authors have developed insights regarding the critical daylighting performance factors by evaluating the relative effect of various interior balcony configurations on illumination level and its distribution with different atrium geometries. For these, parametric measurements of illumination level with a scale model of a four-sided atrium building and various interior balcony configurations have been conducted under diffuse sky conditions within the sky simulator at a Texas university. This paper represents the atrium performance results in terms of daylight factor, Well index, balcony Well index, the configuration of interior balcony; and the results are compared with basecase atria without any interior balcony. As expected, Well index and balcony depth are the most significant factors in daylighting performance in atrium spaces with interior balconies. For the position not covered by balcony, adequate illumination can be achieved for circulation regardless of building Well index and balcony depth although it may be that involved well indices are relatively low. On the other hand, light attenuation on the position under balcony floor is up to 70–90%, in particular, when the Well index becomes higher than 1 m and balcony floor becomes deeper than 3 m.     

广州新图书馆 为功能服务的造型

广州新图书馆是广州近期新建的四个文化设施中最后建成的一个。"日建设计"通过形式上轴线对称的处理与外立面材质的统一将其与其他建筑相融合。该建筑具有如下特征:外观设计通过外装石材表现书本堆积的形象,隐喻图书的"文化地层"般的历史含义,并通过叠层石材凹槽处开口满足图书防晒的需求;引用商业空间布局手法,创造面向市民开放的多层立体公开阅览区,并通过中间的共享大厅提高整体空间识别性,方便垂直交通;通过共享大厅顶部天窗获得充足的采光和自然通风效果,实现绿色建筑目标。"日建设计"希望借此树立在中国的建筑设计新形象,探索为建筑功能服务造型的可能。     

数值模拟在外延阶梯型中庭空调设计中的应用

本文采用CFD软件对外延阶梯型中庭室内热环境进行数值模拟,不仅预测和验证了热环境的舒适性,而且根据模拟结果得出该建筑的空调负荷。为该类中庭的建筑形式设计、室内舒适性和节能设计提供了参考依据。     

CFD modelling of natural displacement ventilation in an enclosure connected to an atrium

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to investigate buoyancy-driven natural ventilation flows in a single-storey space connected to an atrium. The atrium is taller than the ventilated space and is warmed by heat gains inside the single-storey space which produce a column of warm air in the atrium and drive a ventilation flow. CFD simulations were carried out with and without ventilation openings at the bottom of the atrium, and results were compared with predictions of analytical models and small-scale experiments. The influence of key CFD modelling issues, such as boundary conditions, solution controls, and mesh dependency were investigated. The airflow patterns, temperature distribution and ventilation flow rates predicted by the CFD model agreed favourably with the analytical models and the experiments. The work demonstrates the capability of CFD for predicting buoyancy-driven displacement natural ventilation flows in simple connected spaces.