Volatile organo-halogen trace analysis in beverages by thin-layer headspace enrichment and electron-capture gas-chromatography

Applicability of thin-layer headspace (TLHS) procedure giving an aqueous concentrate and also classical purge and trap (PT) in off-line mode to isolate and enrich volatile organohalogen compounds in common beverages was tested. Both enrichment tech-niques were used in combination with gas chromatography – electron capture detection (GC-ECD). TLHS, combined with direct aqueous injection (DAI)-GC-ECD, proved applicable in the determination of volatile organohalogen compounds in all studied beverages, while the PT in a version with no preliminary sample pre-treatment was of limited applicability. Detection limits of the TLHS-based procedure were in the order of 1 ppt. Content of volatile organohalogen compounds in a number of beverages available on the Polish market including mineral waters, beers, juices, carbonated and non-carbonated soft drinks, etc. was determined by means of TLHS-DAI-GC-ECD.     

消毒副产物形成的影响因素研究

在含有腐殖酸的水样中加入邻苯二酚进行氯化试验,分析pH值、氯化时间、温度和投氯量等因素对生成消毒副产物的影响,结果表明：随着pH值的升高,三卤甲烷的浓度逐渐增大而卤乙酸的浓度逐渐降低;三卤甲烷和卤乙酸的浓度随氯化时间的延长而增大;高温条件下三卤甲烷和卤乙酸的生成能力均大于低温条件;在一定范围内随着投氯量增加,三卤甲烷和卤乙酸的生成量也不断增加.     

三种新型溴代芳胺类阻燃剂的合成研究

合成了三种溴代芳胺类阻燃剂∶十溴二苯胺、双（２，３，５，６ 四溴 ４ 氨基苯基）甲烷、双（３，５ 二溴 ４ 氨基苯基）甲烷，并对产品的后处理进行了探讨。实验还发现非溶剂法不适合于多溴代芳胺类化合物的合成。     

溴化聚苯乙烯阻燃长玻璃纤维/PA6复合材料性能的研究

利用溴化聚苯乙烯(BPS)协同三氧化二锑(Sb2O3)制备新型卤素阻燃长玻璃纤维(LGF)增强尼龙6复合材料(BPS/LGF/PA6),通过极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧(UL94)、热重分析法(TGA)、锥形量热(cone)等方法研究了BPS协同Sb2O3对LGF/PA6复合材料阻燃性能影响。结果表明,在BPS与Sb2O3的协效阻燃体系的质量分数为16%时,可使BPS/LGF/PA6复合材料的阻燃等级达到FV-0级,LOI为25.2%。而且,BPS协同Sb2O3能提高BPS/LGF/PA6复合材料的热稳定性,缓解PA6分解速率,从而起到良好的阻燃作用,成功地解决了玻纤增强材料燃烧时的"烛芯效应"问题。     

管网中的饮用水消毒副产物研究进展

控制管网中消毒副产物生成是研究热点,对管网消毒副产物变化规律进行研究,可为控制管网消毒副产物提供指导。在管网中,余氯、季节变化和管材是影响管网消毒副产物的重要因素,余氯量越大,THMs和HAAs的量就越多;季节变化主要会影响化学作用和微生物活性,消毒副产物的生成速率随温度的升高而显著加快,夏秋生成的消毒副产物更多,春冬生成的消毒副产物相对少一些;铁管的腐蚀能使消毒副产物增加,但产生的Fe2＋也能使部分消毒副产物被还原。HAAs与AOC前体物间具有相似性,含量呈正相关性,存在较好的线形关系。     

咸潮对氯消毒中三卤甲烷的影响

受咸潮影响的出厂水三卤甲烷比非咸潮时高5倍,其中三溴甲烷增加10~4倍,远远大于三氯甲烷,4种THM8含量顺序发生了倒置,即CHBr_3>CHBr_2Cl>CHBrCl_2>CHCl_3。在管网中咸潮污染的出厂水和未污染水混合,加之余氯的作用,使得管网水中三卤甲烷(THMs)的种类分配再次发生变化。结合国内外的资料,综合评述了咸潮中溴化物与氯的反应及Br-THMs形成的机理,并提出了在咸潮期间控制饮用水中氯化消毒产物的思路。     

氨基糖氯消毒后典型卤代碳、氮消毒副产物生成势研究

本研究以典型氨基糖类物质D-(+)-葡萄糖胺为研究对象,采用氯消毒方式,探究了D-(+)-葡萄糖胺是否是卤代碳、氮消毒副产物三卤甲烷(THMs)和三氯硝基甲烷(TCNM)的前驱物,明确其THMs和TCNM生成势及投氯量、p H值、溴离子浓度、亚硝酸根离子浓度这对其生成势的影响。结果表明:D-(+)-葡萄糖胺是THMs和TCNM的主要前驱物,三氯甲烷是氯消毒过程中主要的THMs物种。增大投氯量,HNMs和TCNM的生成势均升高;随着p H值的增大,THMs的生成势升高,TCNM的生成势先升高后降低;随着溴离子浓度和亚硝酸根离子浓度的增大,THMs的生成势均为先升高后降低,而TCNM生成势在高溴离子和高亚硝酸根离子浓度下则表现出被抑制的趋势。     

Spatial diastereomer patterns of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in a Norwegian fjord

Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is the third most used brominated flame retardant globally, and has been found widely distributed in the environment. The present study reports concentrations and spatial patterns of α, β and γ-HBCD in a contaminated Norwegian fjord. Intertidal surface sediment and selected species from the marine food web were sampled at five locations in increasing distance from a known point source of HBCD. All sediment and biota samples were analyzed for the three HBCD diastereomers by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The results demonstrated a HBCD gradient with decreasing concentrations at increasing distance from the point source in sediment and sedentary species, but less so in the species with large feeding ranges. Mean concentrations of ΣHBCD at the closest/most remote locations relative to the point source were 9000/300 ng g^− 1 TOC in sediment and 150/90 ng g^− 1 lw in the species with largest feeding range (great black-backed gull). The HBCD diastereomer patterns were similar for each of the matrices (sediment, organisms) independent of distance from the source, indicating no difference in environmental partitioning between the diastereomers. However, the concentration ratio of diastereomers in each matrix ranged from 3:1:10 (α:β:γ) in the sediments to 55:1 (α:γ) in the highest trophic level species, suggesting diastereomer-specific bioaccumulation in the organisms.     

Evaluation of hexabromocyclododecane in fish and marine mammal oil supplements

We analyzed the dietary fish and marine mammal oil supplements purchased from Japanese markets for hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD); 20 brands were analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). HBCD was detected in 15 of 22 samples, and the concentrations of all the HBCD isomers (α, β, and γ) ranged from <0.9 to 67 ng/g lipid weight. α-HBCD was the dominant residue among the HBCD isomers. However, the composition of HBCD isomers varied according to the sample type. We found that 1 sardine oil brand and 2 shark liver oil brands extracted from fish captured in seawater around Japan contained relatively high levels of HBCD, indicating that both the surface and deep seawaters around Japan may have been contaminated with HBCD.