A Flavanone and Two Phenolic Acids from Chrysanthemum morifolium with Phytotoxic and Insect Growth Regulating Activity

Leaves of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Ramat were extracted sequentially with hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The methanol fraction, when incorporated into artificial diet was found to reduce the growth of cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni Hubner) larvae at concentrations between 500 and 5000 ppm of diet. Fractionation of the methanol extract on a Sephadex column yielded five fractions, three of which reduced the weight of larvae relative to the control. One fraction was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and found to contain three main constituents. These compounds were purified using a combination of gel permeation chromatography on Sephadex LH20 and HPLC, and analyzed by 1H and 13CNMR as well as undergoing chemical and physical analyses. The compounds were identified as: 1, chlorogenic acid (5-O-caffeoylquinic acid); 2, 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid; and 3, 3', 4',5-trihydroxyflavanone7-O-glucuronide (eriodictyol7-O-glucuronide). At concentrations between 100 to 1000 ppm these compounds reduced both growth and photosynthesis of Lemna gibba L. with the order of efficacy being: flavanone > chlorogenic acid > 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid. Furthermore, when incorporated separately into artificial diet these compounds, at 10 to 1000 ppm, enhanced or reduced growth of the cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) and gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.).     

菊花和菊花蕾挥发性成分的GC/MS分析

研究了对比杭菊花和杭白菊花蕾挥发油的化学成分。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取杭菊花和杭白菊花蕾挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其化学成分进行分离鉴定,鉴定出菊花主要化学成分27种(75.85%),菊花蕾主要化学成分21种(61.25%)。结果表明:杭菊花和杭白菊花蕾挥发油的主要成分为单萜烯类、倍半萜烯类及其含氧衍生物等,但其化学成分种类有明显的差别,在入药及保健品开发时均需认真紧慎对待。     

不同钝化剂处理下镉和铅在土壤-杭白菊体系中富集迁移特性及菊花品质的变化

为综合评价生物质炭、调理剂和腐殖酸3种不同钝化剂对杭白菊镉（Cd）和铅（Pb）含量降解的影响,通过土壤盆栽实验研究了钝化剂处理下Cd和Pb在2种土壤-杭白菊体系中的富集迁移特性及菊花品质的变化。结果表明：在2种不同程度Cd和Pb污染土壤中添加3种钝化剂杭白菊整体对Cd富集系数均降低,其中添加生物质炭降幅最显著（54.70%、72.27%）;添加生物质炭相较于其它2种钝化剂对抑制Cd和Pb在茎-花间的迁移以及菊花茶茶渣中的残留量效果均最显著,茶渣中两者的残留在土壤1中分别下降48.91%、56.10%,土壤2中分别下降62.77%、86.00%。土壤1中添加生物质炭花中绿原酸、木犀草苷和异绿原酸A含量与对照相比增幅最显著,分别为154.93%、77.11%和99.09%;而土壤2中添加3种钝化剂,3种有效成分含量均极显著提高。综合分析,生物质炭对Cd和Pb在杭白菊植株中的降解,降低菊花茶中的残留以及提升菊花品质方面效果最佳,可作为杭白菊种植区土壤钝化修复首选材料。     

固态物料超临界CO2萃取过程的传质研究

影响固态物料超临界CO2 萃取过程传质效率的因素很多 ,本文以菊花为原料 ,研究了原料的预处理方式、超临界CO2 流量、固态被萃取物粒径、被萃取物的装填方式等因素对传质效率的影响 ,结果表明 ,降低被萃取物粒径 ,增大超临界CO2 流体的流量 ,改变被萃取物的形状 ,降低原料的自然堆积密度、在塔内采用流体再分布器等措施可以明显提高超临界CO2 流体萃取固态物料的传质效率     

杭白菊浸膏中香气活性成分分析

香气是评价浸膏质量的重要标准之一,该文为构建浸膏质量标准提供基础数据。采用固相微萃取法(SPME)和溶剂辅助风味蒸发(SAFE)两种前处理方法,结合气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)对杭白菊浸膏的挥发性成分进行了分析,同时采用气相色谱-嗅觉检测技术(GC-O)和香气提取物稀释分析(AEDA)对浸膏中的香味活性成分进行了测定。结果表明:两种前处理方法(SPME和SAFE)结合气质联用仪共检测出119种化合物,醇类30种,酸类6种,酯类28种,醛类4种,酮类12种,烃类36种,其他3种,其中,萜烯类及其含氧衍生物为主要化合物,同时SAFE较SPME法检测到的化合物数量更多;GC-O结合AEDA分析共筛选出35种香气活性成分,风味稀释因子(FD因子)较高的活性成分有芳樟醇(2187)、α-石竹烯(729)、苯乙酸乙酯(729)、己酸乙酯(729)、异戊酸乙酯(729)、α-蒎烯(243)、α-松油醇(243)、异戊酸(243)。     

黄山贡菊多糖的微波浸提工艺和抑菌效果研究

利用响应面设计法和微波浸提法优化黄山贡菊的多糖提取工艺,多糖含量测定采用苯酚-硫酸法,并对多糖提取液进行了抑菌效果实验。结果表明：微波功率、浸提时间和pH因素对贡菊多糖提取率有显著影响,得出微波辅助提取贡菊多糖的最优工艺参数：微波功率为530W,提取时间为22min,液料比38：1,多糖浸提液pH为6.7,实际多糖得率为6.18%。抑菌实验表明：贡菊多糖的抑菌效果良好,贡菊多糖对大肠杆菌和苏云金芽孢杆菌的最小抑菌浓度为10mg·mL-1。     

茼蒿叶中总黄酮的提取纯化及抗氧化活性分析

采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计法优化茼蒿叶总黄酮的提取条件,并利用制备色谱对粗黄酮进行纯化,最后通过不同的方法从4 个方面评价总黄酮的抗氧化活性。结果表明,茼蒿叶总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件为：微波温度73 ℃、乙醇体积分数68%、液料比30∶1（mL/g）、微波功率400 W和微波时间8 min。在此条件下实际总黄酮提取率为0.554%。优化后的总黄酮提取物在总抗氧化活性、羟自由基和DPPH自由基的清除作用,以及对卵黄脂蛋白脂质过氧化的抑制作用方面表现出较高的活性。     

Isolation of an Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Substance from Chrysanthemum boreale Makino

ABSTRACT Thirty plants of the Compositae family were screened for inhibitory activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and Chrysanthemum boreale Makino was selected for further investigation since it had the highest inhibitory activity. Crude water extract of the flowers of Chrysanthemum boreale Makino was prepared by steeping in water at 95 °C for 2 h, followed by centrifugation at 8000 × g for 30 min. Crude extract was then filtered using YM-3 and YM-1 membranes. An ACE inhibitor was isolated using consecutive chromatographic methods including: gel permeation chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, normal and reverse phase HPLC. The inhibitor was identified to be guanosine by mass spectrometry and NMR studies.     

野菊花黄色素提取工艺研究

对野菊花黄色素的提取条件进行了系统的研究。结果表明 ,提取的最佳工艺条件是 :以pH值为 5 0的体积分数 99 7%的无水乙醇为浸提剂 ,按每克野菊花粉加浸提剂 10mL的比例投料 ,在温度 60℃下 ,浸提时间为 5h