基于生态学思维的高校图书馆建设

高校图书馆,是全校师生汲取知识的重要园地.高校图书馆的建设应遵循生态学的规律,不仅要重视其外部环境的建设,更重要的是加强图书馆的内涵素养,充分体现生态图书馆的持续发展观、和谐价值观与生态世界观的基本特征.     

Sensitivity to zinc of Mediterranean woody species important for restoration

Heavy metals have increased in natural woodlands and shrublands over the last several decades as a consequence of anthropogenic activities. However, our knowledge of the effects of these elements on woody species is scarce. In this study, we examined the responses of six Mediterranean woody species to increasing levels of zinc in hydroponic culture and discussed the possible implications for the restoration of contaminated sites. The species used, Pinus pinea L., Pinus pinaster Ait., Pinus halepensis Mill., Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Mast., Rhamnus alaternus L. and Quercus suber L. represent a climatic gradient from dry sub-humid to semi-arid conditions. Zinc concentrations in shoots ranged from 53 μg g^− 1 in Q. suber to 382 μg g^− 1 in T. articulata and were well below the levels found in roots. Zinc inhibited root elongation and root biomass and changed the root length distribution per diameter class, but the magnitude of the effects was species-specific. Only P. halepensis and Q. suber showed toxicity symptoms in aboveground parts. Species more characteristic from xeric environments (T. articulata, R. alaternus and P. halepensis) were more sensitive to zinc than species from mesic environments (Q. suber, P. pinaster and P. pinea). According to the Zn responses and bioaccumulation, Q. suber P. pinea and P. halepensis are the best candidates for field trials to test the value of woody species to restore contaminated sites. None of the species tested seemed suitable for phytoremediation.     

The rise and fall of French Ecological Tax Reform: social acceptability versus political feasibility in the energy tax implementation process

The French government has a 10-year history of negotiations with industry, resulting in voluntary agreements on energy consumption. When implemented, these voluntary agreements produced very few results in terms of global reduction of greenhouse emissions (Politiques et Management Public 11(4) (1993) 47), hence the idea of an energy tax became increasingly attractive for many French decision-makers. Ecological/Environmental Tax Reform (ETR) should have been one of the major political decisions and successes of the past leftwing coalition government. Instead it became one of its major failures as the Constitutional Court decided to terminate the energy tax project in December 2000. Through insights gleaned from focus groups and interviews with business-people and decision-makers, an attempt is made to understand the failure of the energy tax project. Firstly, decision-makers lacked crucial information about public and business opinions and secondly, there were conflicts between the relevant administrations. The fuel revolts of 2000 ended any hope of resolving the conflicts and implementing ETR, which was ultimately found unconstitutional. This paper examines the political controversies raised by the ETR project and the reasons for its eventual collapse, in the hope of contributing new understanding to the body of knowledge on the political difficulties of introducing environmental policy instruments.     

Environmental tax reform: an assessment of social responses in Ireland

Environmental tax reform (ETR) is widely accepted to be a policy with desirable environmental, and other economic effects. The question arises then as to why its implementation has been so patchy. There is a broad literature on the economic impact of ETR, however, there have been very few research efforts devoted to understanding the roles and imperatives of the public, policy makers, businesses and other stakeholders who are addressed by ETR. This paper examines the impediments to ETR in Ireland. Focus groups were formed comprising of members of the general public and these provided a forum for detailed reactions to the ETR concept. Interviews were conducted with policy makers and key business people in an attempt to identify both the patterns of thinking behind ETR and the main obstacles to its introduction. Having presented the results, a theory of the main impediments to ETR is developed. The opinions of the members of the public, the business community and the policy makers highlight a number of issues that need to be addressed in the future design of ETR in Ireland. The principal potential impediments to ETR include: mistrust of the government, implausibility of the policy, means of hypothecation, information asymmetries, the political system, the structure of government, the macroeconomic environment, the impact on competitiveness, inequity between sectors, regressivity, elasticities and the level of the tax, terminology, and the marketing of ETR.     

影视广告的生态伦理批评

数字媒体时代下,人们所看到的广告已经不再是单纯的平面化、实体化的户外印刷广告,更多的是以数字媒体为载体的互联网终端广告,影视广告就是典型的存在。为了博得大众眼球、达到广告宣传效果,部分影视广告在内容和形式表现上忽视了生态伦理价值。文章通过对案例分析得出在生态伦理意识上公益影视广告对比商业影视广告的优势,并提出解决商业影视广告生态伦理问题的方法与策略。     

适合生态涵养区农业发展的林下经济模式*——以北京市怀柔区为例

山区是首都的生态涵养区,在落实首都山区生态功能定位的同时,促进山区经济发展是当前面临的重要任务。以怀柔区为例,在阐述林下经济内涵的基础上,对生态涵养区发展林下经济进行了条件分析,论述了适合生态涵养区发展的两种林下经济模式,即林菌模式和林禽模式,并对发展林下经济提出了一些建议。     

生态条件对不同烤烟品种烟叶产质量的影响

对云南省推广种植的 6个主要品种进行了不同生态条件的对比试验。结果表明 :生态条件对烟株田间长相长势、烟叶的产量和产值、化学成分、致香物质含量和烟叶评吸质量的影响大于品种造成的影响。因此 ,烤烟品种的合理布局是生产优质烟叶的关键措施之一。     

清洁生产与纺织空气工程

系统地介绍了清洁生产的原理、主要内容及实施清洁生产的主要途径，并结合纺织空气工程论述了在纺织厂推行纺织品清洁生产的意义，提出了具体的实施措施。     

Aroma profiles of five basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cultivars grown under conventional and organic conditions

A headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) method coupled to gas chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry (GC–ITMS) has been developed and applied for profiling of volatile compounds released from five Ocimum basilicum L. cultivars grown under both organic and conventional conditions. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC–TOFMS) was employed for confirmation of identity of volatiles extracted from the basil headspace by SPME.     

棉织品生态设计的研究

为了改善我国现有棉织品的环境特性,提出对棉织品进行生态设计的方案。基于产品生态设计的原则和棉织品的环境特性,将生态产品设计过程分为生态原料的设计、生态工艺设计、生态销售设计、生态使用设计、生态处理设计,并对生态设计后的棉织品重新进行生命周期评价,与现有棉织品的环境影响负荷进行分析对比。认为:在对棉织品进行生态设计后,其对环境的影响显著降低,并建议将环境影响负荷指标EIL=0.484作为衡量棉织品是否环保的一个指标。