Akhet Khufu: Archaeo-astronomical Hints at a Common Project of the Two Main Pyramids of Giza, Egypt

The architectural complexes composed by the two main pyramids of Giza together with their temples are investigated from an interdisciplinary point of view, taking into account their astronomical alignments as well as their relationships with the visible landscape. Combining already known facts together with new clues, the work strongly supports the idea that the two complexes were conceived as parts of a common project.     

阿拉伯谷地的冶金考古--"所罗门铜矿"之争

由奔诺·罗森伯格领导的对“阿拉伯谷地”古铜矿冶遗址持续几十年的发掘和研究 ,在冶金考古方面取得了巨大的成就。古埃及哈托尔矿业神庙的发现证明所谓的所罗门的铜矿实际上属于古埃及。具重要意义的是在提姆纳第 3 9号遗址发现了迄今为止考古学家所找到的年代最古老的炼铜炉。遗址的采矿和冶炼技术反映出了早期矿冶状况和冶金技术对人类文明的推动作用。“阿拉伯谷地”古铜矿冶遗址考古的出色工作成为全世界相关学者的典范     

从《洛阳伽蓝记》论北魏洛阳城市佛寺园林

《洛阳伽蓝记》详尽记载了北魏时期洛阳佛寺．该文据此对我国佛寺园林发展的历史背景和北魏洛阳城市佛寺园林的形制特征、文化特质以及对后世寺庙园林的历史影响进行了分析概括.     

拉萨三大寺建筑的等级特色

拉萨三大寺是达赖喇嘛集团的统治核心，也是格鲁派最出名的三大学府。作为封建集权的代表，存在于三大寺中的各种建筑也被贴上了等级的标签，该文从三大寺主要建筑的体系、形制及细部做法等几个方面对其具有的等级特色进行分析。     

Investigation of oviposition deterrent in larval frass ofSpodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)

Previous experiments demonstrated an oviposition-deterring effect of larval frass in the Egyptian cotton leaf worm,Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). In this study, females were shown to perceive the oviposition-deterring substance(s) with their antennae. During dark, airtight, and cold (–10 °C) storage, the deterrent was persistent for at least 395 days. On the other hand, larval frass retained its activity for only two days when applied to cotton leaves. The deterrent activity of frass was independent of larval density. Frass of larvae reared at high densities deterred oviposition as well as frass of larvae feeding separately or in small groups. For significant oviposition deterrence, the minimum amount of frass was in the range of 5–10 mg frass per cotton leaf. An acetone extract of larval frass was highly deterrent, in contrast to extracts prepared with water, ethanol, chloroform, or pentane.     

Simulation of oil spills near environmentally sensitive areas in Egyptian coastal waters

Oil spills in Egyptian coastal waters have a direct impact on the national economy because of the potential environmental damage, and the corresponding negative effect on tourism. Computer simulations of oil spills were performed for four environmentally sensitive areas along Egyptian coasts using an existing oil spill model that incorporates the important variables and processes affecting oil transport in seawater. The expected slick trajectory and variation of oil properties with time were calculated for a proposed spill scenario at each site. Water current maps, the most critical model input parameter with respect to spill trajectory, were developed for each location. The simulations demonstrated that the most important oil property affecting spill response decisions and operations is the emulsion viscosity, in that it indicates when, where, and how responders can intervene for cleanup.     

西南石窟寺建筑类型及石窟寺保护策略研究

西南石窟寺内雕刻着大量的唐宋建筑形式,这些建筑部分以单体建筑的形式出现,而更多的是以建筑组群的形式出现。根据目前所掌握的基础数据,可以将其中的建筑类型总结为殿堂、楼阁、城楼、塔、经幢、桥梁等。从建筑组群布局来讲,西南石窟寺中表现的建筑组群具有两个突出的特点：其一以殿堂为主轴的中心式布局;其二以廊院为特色的院落布局。     

Techno-economic and environmental aspects of the production of medium scale ligno-cellulosic ethanol under Egyptian conditions

As a result of actual pilot experimental data and guided by international and national reported estimates, this techno-economic study on a 20,000 ton/y ethanol production plant from rice straw has been conducted. The process essentially comprises preparation of the raw materials, alkaline pretreatment, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) and dehydration. For the proposed capacity, costs have been estimated based on published information for the equipment as updated to 2013. Operating costs have been estimated according to experimental results of the research team and published information. Financial and sensitivity analyses have been conducted for optimistic and pessimistic scenarios for investment and operating costs and varying sales price of ethanol in the range $0.76/kg–$0.84/kg. Results indicate that positive present values have been obtained at the prevailing discount rate of 3%. The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) exceeds the discount rate considerably for the optimistic assumptions and is rather marginal for the pessimistic scenarios. In general, the process is considered technically and economically viable.     

浅谈城市中佛寺建筑的设计要素——以广西桂林的四所佛教寺庙为例

通过对桂林市内四所佛教寺庙的分析,归纳了城市内佛教寺庙的类型、特点,总结了城市内佛寺建筑的几个关键的设计要素,提出只有综合分析并充分尊重每个地区独特的人文和环境,因地制宜,精心组织,才能设计出长盛不衰的佛寺建筑。     

武当山明成祖敕建道宫建筑平面布局及主要建筑初探

永乐年间明成祖朱棣于武当山敕建的六座祀奉真武大帝的道宫,是明朝初期皇家道教宫观的代表作品。六座宫殿一次性规划,一次性投资,一次性建成,建筑布局规模宏大、规划严密、主次分明、大小有序,显示了皇家宫观的恢弘气度,并充分反映了当时武当山皇家道教宫观建筑的基本布局形制。该文即以这六座建成于永乐十一年至永乐十六年的道教宫观建筑为研究对象,通过现场调研以及文献研究等方法,分析明永乐年间武当山皇家敕建道宫建筑平面布局的影响因素、基本形式和主要建筑的特点。