石油企业办社会的“悖理行为”辨疑

企业办社会虽与市场经济的客观要求相悖，但石油企业大量办社会的事实仍揭示了所具备的理性面。认为国家作为不受所有者监督的代理者对石油企业的要求，石油企业的行业特性以及在传统体制下长期运作所成的定热是石油企业办社会的主要原因。     

Oscillatory crack tip triangular elements for finite element analysis of interface cracks

In this paper a special crack tip element has been developed in which displacements and stresses have the same behaviour as those of bi‐material interface cracks with open tips. The element degenerates into a traditional triangular quarter point element in cases of homogeneous cracks. An isoparametric co‐ordinate system (ρ, t) is defined in this study, and numerical techniques using these co‐ordinates to evaluate Jacobian matrices, shape function derivatives, and element stiffness matrices are developed. Also, equations calculating the complex stress intensity factor using displacements are obtained in this study. Numerical results are in good agreement with known analytical solutions in two examples. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Guarding against online threats: why entrepreneurs take protective measures

Information technology is becoming increasingly important for entrepreneurs. Protecting their technical infrastructure and stored data is, therefore, also becoming more vital. Nevertheless, research into the safety and security of entrepreneurs in general, and online threats targeted at entrepreneurs in particular, is still limited. This study investigates to what extent self-employed entrepreneurs protect themselves against online threats, and what motivates them to do so. Based on secondary analyses on data collected from 1622 Dutch entrepreneurs, we observe that the majority implement technical and personal coping measures. By adopting protection motivation theory as a theoretical basis for our study, we found that coping appraisal explains the adoption of protective measures. Entrepreneurs are likely to implement protective measures when they believe a measure is effective, when they are capable of using internet technology, when their attitude towards online protection is positive and when they believe they are responsible for their own online security. Although the secondary analysis provides some limitations, this study offers new insights into the usage of protective measures and the motivation for taking them. These insights can help to improve information security campaigns.     

L'échelle de dramatisation face à la douleur PCS-CF: Adaptation canadienne en langue fran?aise de l'échelle Pain Catastrophizing Scale.

This study examined the psychometric properties of the PCS-CF, a French-Canadian adaptation of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (Sullivan, Bishop & Pivik, 1995). One hundred and twenty undergraduate students (83 women; 37 men) completed the PCS-CF and measures of anxiety and depression prior to immersing their hand in ice water for 1-minute. A subset of 39 participants (28 females; 11 males) also completed a second pain task involving an ascending series of electrocutaneous stimulations. Participants' verbal and non-verbal pain behaviours during and immediately after the immersion task were recorded and subsequently independently coded. Reliability analyses revealed that the PCS-CF total score and subscale scores have a high degree of internal consistency and test-retest reliabilities that are comparable to the original Pain Catastrophizing Scale. PCS-CF scores were associated with higher levels of self-reported pain during the ice water immersion task and decreased pain tolerance during electrocutaneous stimulation. Individuals with elevated PCS-CF scores also displayed a more diverse repertoire of pain behaviours than their low PCS-CF counterparts. Previous findings that catastrophizing scores are able to discriminate criterion groups of males and females were also replicated. Given the highly correlated factors obtained in analyses of the dimensionality of the PCS-CF, the structure suggested by the authors of the original scale is only partially supported. However, the results taken together suggest that the PCS-CF is both a reliable and valid measure of the pain catastrophizing construct that is psychometrically comparable to the original PCS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于运动标签的异常行为检测算法

针对视频监控中异常行为检测的问题,提出了一种基于运动标签的检测算法。通过对视频结构语义的分析,针对像素块的运动标签在时间维度和空间维度的分布关系,定义五种低维度的行为特征描述符作为视频中行为特征的表示。将这些提取的行为特征作为SVM分类器的输入,训练和建立了基于运动标签的异常行为检测模型。实验表明,该算法与同类算法相比,取得了更好的检测效果。     

大直径圆轴残余剪应力的计算

从受扭圆轴M—φ图的相互换算公式出发,利用Nadai公式,推导出大直径受扭圆轴经弹塑性状态后的残余剪应力计算公式,计算简便、准确,在理论上较好地解决了这一问题,并弥补了各种实测法的不足。     

Complementing retrofit with engagement: exploring energy consumption with social housing tenants

Councils and social housing organisations are looking to retrofit as a way to make their housing more energy efficient. Previous studies on energy use in social housing have generally focussed on the technological aspects (such as the potential savings possible by retrofitting this class of housing across the UK) or have involved one‐off interventions or measures. During a 2‐year period, we worked with previously homeless people to reduce their energy consumption. The 32 participants lived in small blocks of flats (owned by a social housing organisation) that underwent retrofitting with air source heat pumps. We ran a three‐phase tenant engagement programme to compare a range of approaches aimed at energy reduction. It was found that education, social norms and self‐awareness are all key components when it comes to initiating environmentally responsible behaviours. The three approaches complemented each other, and these ought to be considered alongside technology provision if the aim is to reduce energy consumption. A number of reflections on the implementation of medium‐term tenant engagement programmes are also presented. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

What do people know about eco-driving?

Abstract

An online survey of 321 respondents revealed that the majority of people are aware of eco-driving and have a positive attitude towards it. Although the types of eco-driving tips offered by respondents, and their potential effect on fuel consumption, were in line with those found in the popular and academic literature, knowledge of specific fuel saving behaviours was generally low. Relationships were found between environmental attitudes and knowledge of, and propensity to perform eco-driving behaviours; however, these relationships were weak, indicating that neither pro-environmental attitudes nor knowledge of eco-driving behaviours is strongly indicative of actual eco-driving performance. Males were found to be more knowledgeable of the means for driving in a fuel-efficient manner than females; however, no effect was found for either age or level of general education. Results are discussed in terms of the challenges and opportunities for encouraging eco-driving, and the necessity for both governmental and industry involvement.

Practitioner Summary: To successfully encourage the uptake of eco-driving (e.g. through policy, training and feedback) it is first necessary to understand how the general public perceives it, and what they already know of it. This survey study addresses this by looking at relationships between environmental attitudes and knowledge, and specific eco-driving measures.     

对称型双端过渡态丁二烯/苯乙烯嵌段共聚物的研制Ⅰ.共聚合反应动力学研究

以双卤代烷烃取代型双锂齐聚物为引发剂、环己烷为溶剂,丁二烯(B)、苯乙烯(S)单体采用1次加入的方法,合成了对称型双端过渡态丁二烯/苯乙烯嵌段共聚物S-(S/B)-B-(B/S)-S,并对双锂体系丁二烯、苯乙烯共聚合反应过程进行了研究,将丁二烯、苯乙烯共聚合反应动力学数据进行分段处理,求得不同引发温度、不同单体配比、不同极性添加剂用量[二乙二醇二甲醚(2G)/Li]下丁二烯聚合段、苯乙烯聚合段假一级表观增长反应速度常数kp1、kp2;求得不同2G/Li下丁二烯、苯乙烯共聚合反应的表观竞聚率,随着2G/Li的增大,丁二烯的表观竞聚率减小,苯乙烯的表观竞聚率增大,表明随着2G/Li的增大,丁二烯、苯乙烯逐渐向无规共聚合方向发展.