Fluorescence in situ hybridization of three oncogenes on a leiomyoma

Using fluorescence in situ hybridization technique, expression of three oncogenes, C-myc, RARa, and cyclin-D was tested on a uterine leiomyoma. C-myc and RARa were amplified in approximately 30% and 90% of the cells, respectively. Numerous small signals of C-myc were indicative of the presence of double minutes. Amplification of RARa is being reported for the first time in a leiomyoma. Cyclin-D was normal in diploid cells while it was highly amplified in polyploid cells. Low levels of amplified C-myc and cyclin-D cells seem to be the reason for this tumor to be benign, while RARa could not be effective without the association of some other gene such as PML. Information presented here are significant toward developing new curative strategies such as gene-specific drugs and molecular manipulation to stop the activity of cancer gene. Further study may elucidate that how fibroids grow and maintain their rare benign nature.     

强化生物除磷工艺富集聚磷菌及其微生物菌群分析

为了研究聚磷菌的生长机理和菌种特性,在序批式SBR反应器中,以普通活性污泥富集聚磷菌,在厌氧/好氧条件下,以乙酸钠/丙酸交替作为碳源富集高浓度聚磷菌,采用FISH结合DGGE的分子生物学手段研究了富集周期内系统微生物种群结构的变化.DGGE结果表明:试验前后微生物种群结构发生了明显改变,其菌群的多样性指数、丰富度指数和条带数具有一致的变化趋势,在运行第2阶段末期达到最高值,进入稳定运行阶段,这3项指数下降,优势度上升.聚类分析表明,稳定运行期间种群群落相似度较高.FISH结果表明:在启动和负荷提高阶段聚磷菌与聚糖菌呈现共同增长的趋势,在第71天分别达到41%和39%;在稳定运行阶段聚磷菌成为明显的优势菌属,占总菌群的89%,反应器内仅存在少量聚糖菌.     

曝气生物滤池处理生活污水亚硝化的实验研究

为探究低氨氮生活污水亚硝化的可行性,采用高负荷生物滤池-上向流曝气生物滤池(UBAF)两段式反应器考察水流方向对高负荷生物滤池去除COD、氨氮效果及温度、DO对UBAF亚硝化效果的影响．结果表明,在水力负荷为0.58 m³／(m²·h)、COD容积负荷为2.30 kg／(m³·d)、气水比为3.6∶1、常温条件下,上向流进水方式能够获得稳定的低COD、高氨氮的二级出水．在水温30～33 ℃、DO 2.5～3.0 mg／L、进水pH 7.8～8.1条件下,UBAF出水氨氮平均转化率为84.58 ％,亚硝氮平均质量浓度达23.01 mg／L．UBAF反应器中各种含氮化合物沿程变化及FISH检测表明,在反应器末段存在一定程度的同步亚硝化厌氧氨氧化作用．该两段式反应器能驯化单独的脱碳、脱氮优势菌群,实现低氨氮生活污水的亚硝化．     

Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of Novel 1RS.1BL Translocation and Complex Chromosome Translocation Lines with Stripe Rust Resistance

Rye is the most important source for the genetic improvement of wheat. In this study, two stable wheat-rye primary 1RS.1BL translocation lines, RT855-13 and RT855-14, were selected and identified by acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE), co-dominant PCR, and multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (MC-FISH) from the progeny of the crossing of the wheat cultivar Mianyang11 and a Chinese rye Weining. When more than two independent, simple reciprocal translocations are involved in a carrier, they are defined as complex chromosome translocations (CCT). The MC-FISH results also indicated that CCT occurred in RT855-13; namely that, besides 1RS.1BL translocation chromosomes, there are other two pairs of balanced reciprocal translocations. It was demonstrated that the interchange between a distal segment of 4B and long arm of 3D occurred in the RT855-13. The novel translocation chromosomes in wheat were recorded as 3DS.4BS^DS and 3DL-4BS^PS.4BL. Reports about CCT as a genetic resource in plant breeding programs are scarce. Both lines expressed high resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, which are prevalent in China and are virulent on Yr9, and the CCT line RT855-13 retained better resistance as adult plants compared with RT855-14 in the field. Both lines, especially the CCT line RT855-13, exhibited better agronomic traits than their wheat parent, Mianyang11, indicating that both translocation lines could potentially be used for wheat improvement. The results also indicated that the position effects of CCT can lead to beneficial variations in agronomic and resistant traits, making them a valuable genetic resource to wheat breeding programs.     

分子生物学技术在土壤生物修复中的应用及展望

综述了分子生物学技术包括环境微生物群落降解基因分析、16S rRNA序列分析技术以及荧光原位杂交技术在生物修复技术中跟踪污染土壤中降解微生物行为、监测降解基因和微生物群落变化,揭示了其中的分子机制的应用现状,对各项技术应用中需要注意的问题进行了讨论并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

The effect of pH on the competition between polyphosphate-accumulating organisms and glycogen-accumulating organisms

In enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) processes, glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs) may compete with polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) for the often-limited carbon substrates, potentially resulting in disturbances to phosphorus removal. A detailed investigation of the effect of pH on the competition between PAOs and GAOs is reported in this study. The results show that a high external pH ( approximately 8) provided PAOs with an advantage over GAOs in EBPR systems. The phosphorus removal performance improved due to a population shift favouring PAOs over GAOs, which was shown through both chemical and microbiological methods. Two lab-scale reactors fed with propionate as the carbon source were subjected to an increase in pH from 7 to 8. The phosphorus removal and PAO population (as measured by quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridisation analysis of "Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis") increased in each system, where the PAOs appeared to out-compete a group of Alphaproteobacteria GAOs. A considerable improvement in the P removal was also observed in an acetate fed reactor, where the GAO population (primarily "Candidatus Competibacter phosphatis") decreased substantially after a similar increase in the pH. The results from this study suggest that pH could be used as a control parameter to reduce the undesirable proliferation of GAOs and improve phosphorus removal in EBPR systems.     

Long term effects of salt on activity, population structure and floc characteristics in enriched bacterial cultures of nitrifiers

The effect of salinity on the activity, the composition of nitrifiers and floc characteristics of nitrifying sludge was studied. Non-adapted and adapted (to 10 g NaCl-Cl⁻/L for one year) enriched cultures of nitrifiers were tested in three sequencing batch reactors. Salt was increased gradually with 5 up to 40 g Cl⁻/L.No difference in steady state activity was observed between the adapted and non-adapted sludge. The activities of ammonia and nitrite oxidizers dropped 36% and 11%, respectively, at salt concentrations of 10 g Cl⁻/L. At 40 g Cl⁻/L inhibition reached 95% of salt free activity for ammonia and nitrite oxidizers in both adapted and non-adapted reactors. Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrobacter sp. (fluorescent in situ hybridization) were the only nitrifiers present at high salt levels. Increased salt concentrations resulted in better settling characteristics of the nitrifying sludge. After 118 days the sludge was brought back to the initial conditions (0 g Cl⁻/L for non-adapted and 10 g Cl⁻/L for adapted). Despite the change in population composition similar kinetics as before the salt stress were observed.     

分子生物学技术在生物除磷中的应用及进展

本文主要总结了应用于生物除磷研究中的分子生物学技术,如基于聚合酶链式反应（PCR）的核酸序列分析技术、以荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术为主的核酸杂交技术等,对其中相关问题进行了分析并提出需要进一步研究的内容。     

高氨氮垃圾渗滤液SBR法短程深度生物脱氮

以实际垃圾填埋场渗滤液为研究对象,应用SBR系统对该类废水短程生物脱氮的可行性进行研究,重点考察了短程生物脱氮实现、稳定及系统的脱氮性能.结果表明,经过95天的运行,SBR系统成功实现并维持了稳定短程生物脱氮,平均亚硝积累率在92.5%以上.获得了稳定的脱氮性能,NH4+-N,TN平均去除率分别在97.2%和91.7%以上.DO、ORP和pH曲线的特征点能够准确判断硝化和反硝化终点,可作为SBR处理垃圾渗滤液短程生物脱氮过程的控制参数.相对于氨氧化菌,亚硝酸盐氧化菌对FA、FNA更敏感,因此两者协同作用抑制亚硝酸盐氧化菌活性,再辅以过程控制,能够准确判断硝化终点,实现NOB从系统硝化菌群中逐渐被淘洗,AOB成为优势菌种的目标,这是系统长期维持稳定短程生物脱氮的决定因素,FISH检测结果证明了这一点.     

Characterization of activated sludge flocs by confocal laser scanning microscopy and image analysis

In this study we present a new approach to determine volumes, heterogeneity factors, and compositions of the bacterial population of activated sludge flocs by 3D confocal imaging. After staining the fresh flocs with fluorescein-isothiocyanate, 75 stacks of images (containing approx. 3000 flocs) were acquired with a confocal laser scanning microscope. The self-developed macro 3D volume and surface determination for the KS 400 software package combined the images of one stack to a 3D image and calculated the real floc volume and surface. We determined heterogeneity factors like the ratio of real floc surface to the surface of a sphere with the respective volume and the fractal dimension (D(f)). According to their significant influence on floc integrity and quality, we also investigated the chemical composition of flocs and quantified their bacterial population structure by using group-specific rRNA-targeted probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization. By a settling experiment we enriched flocs with poor settling properties and determined the above-mentioned parameters. This approach revealed shifts in floc volume, heterogeneity, and bacterial and chemical composition according to the settling quality of the flocs.