"不良"结霜现象的分析和对策

空气冷却盘管在冷库制冷过程中结霜是经常发生且不可避免的问题,必须要周期性的除霜.在温湿图上,如果空气降温处理过程穿越了饱和线,就可能发生"不良"结霜的问题."不良"结霜是一种低密度、蓬松的、雪状霜,与其他结霜的类型相比,"不良"结霜会更快地减少空气流通面积,盘管换热能力迅速下降.通过分析其形成原理,提出了相应的防止措施,能有效的减少"不良"结霜.     

A novel Temperature–Humidity–Time defrosting control method based on a frosting map for air-source heat pumps

To improve the defrosting accuracy and the energy efficiency of the air-source heat pump (ASHP) under frosting and defrosting conditions, a novel Temperature–Humidity–Time (T–H–T) defrosting control method, based on a frosting map for the ASHP unit, is proposed in this paper. A field test was conducted for two heating seasons, to verify the feasibility and applicability of the T–H–T method. The advantages of the T–H–T method, compared to the conventional Temperature–Time (T–T) defrosting control method, are presented. In total, eight cases are shown in this paper. Cases 1 to 4 were chosen to reveal the T–H–T performance under different frosting conditions. It was found that no matter what kind of frosting conditions, defrosting was always initiated in a similar situation: ∼90% of the outdoor coil surface was covered by frost; the temperature difference between the compressor suction and discharge increased by ∼20%; and the heating capacity decreased by ∼30%. These results indicate that the T–H–T method can make an accurate decision under different frosting conditions. Cases 5a, 5b and Cases 6a, 6b were two groups of cases to compare the advantages of the T–H–T method against the conventional T–T method. Cases 5a and 5b were chosen for the non-frosting condition. It was found that the T–T method initiated the defrosting operation 31 times within 24 h. However, none of the defrosting operations was conducted for the T–H–T method. Cases 6a and 6b were chosen to compare these two methods under consecutive and variable frosting conditions. For the T–T method, 63% of the defrosting processes were found to be executed under conditions where defrosting was not necessary. However, for the T–H–T method, all the defrosting controls were found to be accurate and reasonable. These results indicated that the novel T–H–T method is suitable for the defrosting control of the ASHP, and has a more competitive performance than the conventional T–T method.     

LNG空温式气化器换热机理及结霜工况下的换热计算

ILNG空温式气化器在运行时时常伴有结霜现象,霜层恶化了传热,影响了气化器的性能。探寻霜层在翅片管表面随时间变化的规律及对气化器换热产生的影响,对LNG空温式气化器的设计和安全稳定运行具有重要意义。为此,建立了霜层内部能量和质量守恒方程,并引入霜层物性参数经验公式,得到了封闭的方程组,进而计算出了冷表面结霜后的霜层热阻随时间的变化规律。然后再考虑霜层热阻的影响,计算LNG空温式气化器内外传热传质的相互耦合规律随时间变化的动态过程,模拟结霜工况下LNG空温式气化器的运行情况,获得了不同时刻翅片管内外物性参数沿管长的分布规律。结果表明:①霜层在翅片管表面的覆盖面积可以达到80%,霜层对LNG空温式气化器换热的影响不可忽略;②除了局部由于霜层的肋片作用使换热增强,绝大多数情况下霜层会使翅片管的换热效率大幅降低,最大可降低85%,结霜后的总传热系数为80~220 W/(m~2·K);③结霜后,如果环境适宜,气化器会在很短的时间内达到另一个稳态稳定运行。     

Assessment of a domestic heat pump 2: Component and frosting analysis

The performance of the heat exchangers of an unsophisticated air-air heat pump are examined with particular emphasis on the evaporator frosting characteristics. The data relate to an operating domestic heat pump in Dunedin. Evaporator frosting reduces the seasonal COP by only a small amount (less than 1.7%) in this example but the defrost rate is shown to be very sensitive to small changes in the evaporator capacity. Thus frost formation generally has an important influence on the evaporator optimization calculation. The effectiveness of the expansion valve and of the defrost thermostat is also analysed, and particular opportunities for improving the system are identified.     

液氧汽化器肋片结霜、结冰对理论换热面积的影响及解决方案

对星形管空温式强迫通风型汽化器进行了复算 ,指出肋片结冰、结霜是影响此类汽化器理论换热面积的主要因素 ,提出了三组汽化器切换使用、提高空气温度 (加热 )等解决措施     

热泵蒸发器结霜过程的研究和分析

建立了热泵蒸发器结霜过程的数学模型，研究了入口空气相对湿度、温度、以及翅片间距等参数对蒸发器结霜量和空气侧压降的变化规律，计算结果和实验测试的结果吻合较好。     

冷冻冷藏陈列柜蒸发器结霜研究及融霜技术现状

冷冻冷藏陈列柜中蒸发器结霜会使蒸发器换热性能恶化，空气阻力增加，进而使整个制冷系统性能下降。因此蒸发器的结霜及其融霜特性的研究，对于提高陈列柜性能来说是至关重要的。本文综述了近年冷冻冷藏陈列柜有关蒸发器结霜特性与融霜技术的研究现状，包括蒸发器的各项改善措施、结霜机理、融霜方法及其控制等方面的研究。     

Defrost cycle performance for a circular shape evaporator air source heat pump

Air source heat pumps have numerous advantages in many applications over other heating equipment with regard to energy efficiency. However, there are two main problems with air source heat pumps: (1) heating capacity decreases when the outdoor air temperature becomes lower and (2) when there is frost formation on the outdoor heat exchanger surfaces in humid climates. This paper will examine the defrost cycle for a residential heat pump with circular shaped evaporator coil in more detail paying special attention to the high humidity conditions encountered in maritime climates. The investigation was to optimise the efficiency of an air source heat pump operating under a range of conditions that would include defrost. Performance optimisation was achieved through a series of experiments carried out to the EN14511 test standard from which it was possible to note the best defrost initiation condition, defrost operating time and intervals between defrosts that most benefited the performance of the heat pump.     

Effects of air flow maldistribution on refrigeration system dynamics of air source heat pump chiller under frosting conditions

The effects of air flow maldistribution on the performance of an air source heat pump chiller under frosting conditions were investigated experimentally. The results indicated that air flow maldistribution was the dominant factor leading to hunting of the thermostatic expansion valve for medium and/or large size finned tube evaporators. With air flow maldistribution degree (AMD) increasing, frost occurred earlier, and the frost layer grew faster. The operating characteristics became lower when AMD was increased. We found such phenomenon seemed to be related to both the difference of refrigerant outlet superheat and the frosting velocity. In the hunting stage, the frost block effect became the main factor degrading the refrigeration system performance. With AMD increasing, the heat pump system pertinent performance data (suction pressure, evaporation temperature, discharge pressure, refrigerant outlet temperature, etc.) were degraded more dramatically.     

低温冷风机结霜特性的研究及其融霜方法的改进

以华中地区某禽类加工厂冻结间的冷风机为研究对象,建立数学模型,对结霜工况下冷风机运行特性进行了理论分析。模型和实验测得的霜层厚度的平均偏差8．99％,吻合较好。阐述了随着霜层的生长,空气冷却器的传热面积、传热系数以及空气侧压降的变化规律。进一步分析了冻结间内空气相对湿度、冷风机进口空气干球温度以及迎面风速等对霜层生长的影响。并遵循尽量减少初投资、节能、实用为选择改进的原则,结合企业生产工序及冻结间运行的实际情况,对原融霜方式提出改进方案。