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排序方式: 共有4352条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Naoki Yokokawa Yutaro Masuda Eri Amasawa Hirokazu Sugiyama Masahiko Hirao 《Packaging Technology and Science》2020,33(11):445-459
This study presents systematic packaging design tools integrating functional and environmental consequences on product life cycle. To design packaging for sustainability, the trade-offs between functional and environmental aspects of packaging throughout the product life cycle should be considered. However, it is difficult for packaging designers to understand the overall trade-offs because the extent of the design consequences on the entire life cycle of packaging and its contents is unclear. We developed two tools for packaging design: the Life Cycle Association Matrix (LCAM) and the Function Network Diagram (FND). The following three steps, based on literature reviews and interviews with industrial experts, were applied. Firstly, we listed the product functions and design variables related to the functions as the attributes allocated to the product life cycle. Secondly, the attributes were connected appropriately based on causal relationships. Lastly, we identified the factors to support decision making in the packaging design procedure. As a result, the LCAM depicts the design consequences on the life cycle, and the FND determines the stakeholders affected by the design consequences. Two case studies were demonstrated to analyze the trade-offs by using our tools. In the case studies, a liquid laundry detergent bottle and a milk carton were redesigned. The tools identified the design consequences and stakeholders affected by the redesign of the usability and protective function for the detergent and milk cases, respectively. The results showed the significance of understanding the design consequences on the product life cycle by integrating the functional and environmental aspects. 相似文献
2.
Steganography is the science of hiding secret message in an appropriate digital multimedia in such a way that the existence of the embedded message should be invisible to anyone apart from the sender or the intended recipient. This paper presents an irreversible scheme for hiding a secret image in the cover image that is able to improve both the visual quality and the security of the stego-image while still providing a large embedding capacity. This is achieved by a hybrid steganography scheme incorporates Noise Visibility Function (NVF) and an optimal chaotic based encryption scheme. In the embedding process, first to reduce the image distortion and to increase the embedding capacity, the payload of each region of the cover image is determined dynamically according to NVF. NVF analyzes the local image properties to identify the complex areas where more secret bits should be embedded. This ensures to maintain a high visual quality of the stego-image as well as a large embedding capacity. Second, the security of the secret image is brought about by an optimal chaotic based encryption scheme to transform the secret image into an encrypted image. Third, the optimal chaotic based encryption scheme is achieved by using a hybrid optimization of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) which is allowing us to find an optimal secret key. The optimal secret key is able to encrypt the secret image so as the rate of changes after embedding process be decreased which results in increasing the quality of the stego-image. In the extracting process, the secret image can be extracted from the stego-image losslessly without referring to the original cover image. The experimental results confirm that the proposed scheme not only has the ability to achieve a good trade-off between the payload and the stego-image quality, but also can resist against the statistics and image processing attacks. 相似文献
3.
CCD型束流截面探测器的主要特点是使用电荷耦合器件做传感器,用束流同步光中的可见光成份做为信号源。该探测器同时具有模拟量和数字量两种输出,工作周期短,速度高,不影响束团粒子寿命,在电子储存环物理运行中,是一种有效的探测设备。 相似文献
4.
5.
Recently, in our laboratory a closed form expression for the correlation function of the hard-sphere dimer fluid obtained
from Wertheims multidensity Ornstein-Zernike integral equation theory with Percus-Yevick approximation was presented by Kim
et al. [2001]. However, it is difficult to apply its expression to perturbation theory and vapor-liquid equilibria calculations,
since it is of very complex form. In this work, we present a simplified expression for the first shell of the radial distribution
function (RDF) of the hard-sphere dimer fluid using a series expansion of the analytical expression. The expansion is carried
out in terms of both the packing fraction and the radial distance. Expressions are also obtained for the coordination number
and its first and second derivatives as functions of radial distance and packing fraction. These expressions, which are useful
in perturbation theory, are simpler to use than those obtained from the starting equation, while giving good agreement with
the original expression results. Then we present an simplified equation of state for the square-well dimer fluid of variable
well width (λ) based on Barker-Henderson perturbation theory using its expression for the radial distribution function of
the hard-sphere dimer fluid, and test its expression with NVT and Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo simulation data [Kim et al.,
2001]. 相似文献
6.
7.
文中给出了煤矿人员安全探测系统设计的性能要求,详细介绍系统的硬件设计和软件设计。对利用热释电传感器实现人员定位与移动相对位置匹配算法设计进行深入细致的讨论.从防止漏报警、提高系统可靠性和降低系统功耗三个方面探讨了设计中涉及到的关键技术及其具体解决方法、与其他报警和定位系统相比,系统具有结构简单、成本低、功耗小、定位准确的特点。 相似文献
8.
9.
Emina Krcmar Ilan Vertinsky G. Cornelis van Kooten 《International Transactions in Operational Research》2003,10(5):483-498
To satisfy public demands for environmental values, forest companies are facing the prospect of a reduction in wood supply and increases in costs. Some Canadian provincial governments have proposed intensifying silviculture in special zones dedicated to timber production as the means for pushing out the forest possibility frontiers. In this paper, we compare the traditional two‐zone land allocation framework which includes ecological reserves and integrated forest management zones with the triad — a three‐zone scheme which adds a zone dedicated to intensive timber production. We compare the solutions of the mixed‐integer linear programs formulated under both land‐allocation frameworks. We explore through sensitivity analysis the conditions under which the triad regime can offset the impact on timber production from increased environmental demands. We show that under the realistic conditions characteristic to Coastal British Columbia, higher environmental demands may be satisfied under the triad regime without increasing the financial burdens on the industry or reducing its wood supply. This occurs, however, only if regulatory constraints in timber production zone are flexible. 相似文献
10.
建筑工程投标报价优选模型 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
金季岚 《信息技术与信息化》2007,(5):70-72,59
通过建立区间二次规划数学模型、灰色模型、多目标规划等模型,建立材料价格和用量的选择模型,提供投标单位一种便捷的调整工程造价和控制造价的手段。 相似文献