钙基膨润土的改性方法及对Pb2+吸附性能的研究

论述了钙基膨润土的酸改性方法,试验出了酸改性的最佳条件;并用酸改性后的钙基膨润土对Pb离子的吸附性能研究,得出吸附的最佳条件,取得较好的效果;对其吸附铅离子的机理进行了初步的探讨。     

高庙子膨润土及其混合材料导热性能研究

导热性能是高放废物地质处置库缓冲/回填材料的重要性能之一。采用瞬变平面热源法,研究了我国高放废物地质处置首选缓冲/回填材料高庙子膨润土,及以其为主料,添加不同含量石英砂、北山花岗岩碎屑组成的混合材料的导热性能。分析了添加剂种类和含量、干密度、饱和度等因素对导热系数的影响。研究结果表明:高庙子膨润土及其混合材料的导热系数、热扩散系数都随干密度和含水量的增大而增大;石英砂、北山花岗岩碎屑能够不同程度提高膨润土的导热系数,石英砂的作用优于北山花岗岩碎屑;饱和度对添加剂发挥其提高缓冲/回填材料导热性能的作用影响明显,饱和度越高,添加剂的作用越显著。     

Coupled effects of saline solutions and temperature on the swelling deformation property of GMZ bentonite-sand mixtures

Based on the results of one-dimensional free swelling tests, the coupled effects of NaCl-Na₂SO₄ solutions and temperature on the swelling deformation property of compacted GMZ bentonite-sand mixtures were analyzed. The concentrations of the NaCl-Na₂SO₄ solutions were 0, 0.008, 0.04, 0.08 and 0.16 mol/L, the temperatures were 20 °C, 40 °C, 60 °C, 80 °C and 90 °C and the sand contents were 0, 30 and 50%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) tests were also performed to find the influences of the temperature, solution concentration and sand content on the mineral composition and microstructure. The results showed that the maximum swelling strain of the specimens increased with an elevated temperature, while it decreased with increases in the solution concentration and sand content. The swelling process was accelerated by the rising temperature. The XRD tests indicated that the combined effect of a high temperature and a high solution concentration may have caused more Na⁺ from the saline solutions to enter the interlayer, partly displacing the divalent cations. The MIP tests demonstrated that adding sand to the bentonite could reduce the amount of inter-granular pores and increase the intra-aggregate pores. These findings are advantageous to the transfer of heat and pour fluid in the specimens; and thus, the swelling deformation capacity of the bentonite-sand mixtures was higher than that of pure bentonite under the same conditions.     

Soil-water characteristics of Gaomiaozi bentonite by vapour equilibrium technique

Soil-water characteristics of Gaomiaozi(GMZ)Ca-bentonite at high suctions(3–287MPa)are measured by vapour equilibrium technique.The soil-water retention curve(SWRC)of samples with the same initial compaction states is obtained in drying and wetting process.At high suctions,the hysteresis behaviour is not obvious in relationship between water content and suction,while the opposite holds between degree of saturation and suction.The suction variation can change its water retention behaviour and void ratio.Moreover,changes of void ratio can bring about changes in degree of saturation.Therefore,the total change in degree of saturation includes changes caused by suction and that by void ratio.In the space of degree of saturation and suction,the SWRC at constant void ratio shifts to the direction of higher suctions with decreasing void ratio.However,the relationship between water content and suction is less affected by changes of void ratio.The degree of saturation decreases approximately linearly with increasing void ratio at a constant suction.Moreover,the slope of the line decreases with increasing suction and they show an approximately linear relationship in semi-logarithmical scale.From this linear relationship,the variation of degree of saturation caused by the change in void ratio can be obtained.Correspondingly,SWRC at a constant void ratio can be determined from SWRC at different void ratios.     

膨润土半干法钠化工艺的改进研究

以安徽某地的钙基膨润土为原料,使用叶片式混砂机对其半干法钠化工艺进行改进,在混合时喷入雾状碳酸钠水溶液,考察了钠化剂用量、混合时间、陈化时间、钠化剂加入方式对钠化效果的影响。研究结果表明,半干法工艺简便、易行,改性后膨润土的膨胀容和胶质价分别由原土的10mL／g和8mL／g提高到52mL／g和55mL／g。     

高庙子膨润土矿勘探与钠基膨润土开采

高庙子膨润土矿是我国高放废物地质处置库缓冲回填材料首选供应基地,国内对高庙子钠基膨润土进行了大量试验研究和理论分析。随着研究工作的深入,需开采天然钠基土样品以满足试验需求。通过施工3个勘探孔,发现主矿区8~24勘探线的膨润土矿石质量好,层位稳定,与已掌握的资料相符。对比两个拟开采位置的矿石质量、矿层厚度、开采条件等,确定使用露天剥离的方式开采膨润土样品,并对开采出的矿石进行初步加工提纯,完成了开采未来5~10年缓冲回填材料试验研究所需样品的任务。     

振荡时间、离子强度、温度和pH值对GMZ膨润土中Cr（Ⅲ解）吸特性的影响

对吸附在高庙子（GMZ）膨润土上的Cr（III）进行解吸实验，研究振荡时间、解吸溶液离子强度、温度和pH值等因素对解吸特性的影响规律。结果表明：高庙子膨润土上Cr（III）的解吸过程较易发生；Cr（III）的解吸动力学过程较吸附过程慢，实验条件下解吸过程在3 h后达到平衡；当使用0.1 mol/L HCl、1 mol/L NaCl和1 mol/L CaCl 2作为解吸液时，Cr（III）的最终解吸率分别达89.4%,56.5%和77.2%；增大解吸溶液的离子浓度能够促进解吸过程的发生；pH值对Cr（III）解吸过程有重要影响；吸附/解吸过程较符合Freundlich等温模型。GMZ膨润土在处理Cr（III）废水时具有较好的再生能力，可以多次重复利用。     

利用邯郸钙基膨润土制备锂基膨润土

利用邯郸钙基膨润土成功地制备出锂基膨润土,并对其物理性能和微观结构进行了测试分析。试验结果表明,锂基土的膨胀倍数为21ml/g,远远大于原钙基土的膨胀倍数(6.2ml/g);XRD测试结果显示,Li 与Ca2 发生离子交换以后,蒙脱石的d001值也由1.585nm增大到1.66nm;锂基膨润土被加热到300℃时,3 671cm-1、1 122cm-1、420cm-1等振动峰的出现以及锂蒙脱石在低频区(915-520cm-1)内某些振动峰的减弱均表明部分Li 占据了蒙脱石的八面体空位。     

钙基膨润土钠化改型工艺及其产品应用现状

本文系统地阐述了钙基膨润土的钢化改型加工技术及其钠基膨润上的应用现状。     

用高纯膨润土制备无机凝胶的工艺研究

以莱西钙基膨润土为原料,经二次湿法提纯-2μm的膨润土,钠化改型,制备了高纯度的钠基膨润土,在此基础上,探索了无机凝胶的制备工艺,考察了不同磷化剂和胶化剂对无机凝胶的影响。提出了以0.7%焦磷酸钠为磷化改性剂,1.5%CaO为胶化剂制备无机凝胶的新工艺。希望能代替进口的VEEGUM系列应用于日化工业。