从"天人合一"到"物我合一"——设计艺术中我国观念的转化

通过我国设计艺术中人与自然以及人与物古今观念的对比，试图分析这种观念的转化产生的深层社会背景和对设计的影响。     

Some challenges in global land cover mapping: An assessment of agreement and accuracy in existing 1 km datasets

Many investigators need and use global land cover maps for a wide variety of purposes. Ironically, after many years of very limited availability, there are now multiple global land cover maps and it is not readily apparent (1) which is most useful for particular applications or (2) how to combine the different maps to provide an improved dataset. The existing global land cover maps at 1 km spatial resolution have arisen from different initiatives and are based on different remote sensing data and employed different methodologies. Perhaps more significantly, they have different legends. As a result, comparison of the different land cover maps is difficult and information about their relative utility is limited. In an attempt to compare the datasets and assess their strengths and weaknesses we harmonized the thematic legends of four available coarse-resolution global land cover maps (IGBP DISCover, UMD, MODIS 1-km, and GLC2000) using the LCCS-based land cover legend translation protocols. Analysis of the agreement among the global land cover maps and existing validation information highlights general patterns of agreement, inconsistencies and uncertainties. The thematic classes of Evergreen broadleaf trees, Snow and Ice, and Barren show high producer and user accuracy and good agreement among the datasets, while classes of mixed tree types show high commission errors. Overall, the results show a limited ability of the four global products to discriminate mixed classes characterized by a mosaic of trees, shrubs, and herbaceous vegetation. There is a strong relationship between class accuracy, spatial agreement among the datasets, and the heterogeneity of landscapes. Suggestions for future mapping projects include careful definition of mixed unit classes, and improvement in mapping heterogeneous landscapes.     

Growing trade of bioenergy in the EU: Public acceptability, policy harmonization, European standards and certification needs

Since 2000, the consumption of bioenergy in the European Union has grown, along with a concurrent growth in the trade of biomass for energy purposes (though traded volumes still remain small). Bioenergy production and trade will likely continue to increase into the future, driven by climate change concerns, emissions reduction targets, increasing concerns about domestic energy security and favourable policies. The harmonization of European standards and the development of certification systems are key issues to resolving potential negative effects of increased biomass trade. Certification systems not only address the issue of environmental sustainability from production to end-use, but also allow for product differentiation while adding value to sustainably produced products, which can ultimately enhance a competitive and sustainable bioenergy market. In addition to analyzing bioenergy trade growth in the European Union, a questionnaire survey of 92 bioenergy experts from eight member states within the European Union was conducted. Survey results show that bioenergy is highly accepted in the European Union but that there is a lack of European standards and policy harmonization, along with the absence of a competitive market or a certification system, all of which are necessary for sustainable production and trade of bioenergy. A large majority (63 percent) of the total respondents agreed that the certification of bioenergy is necessary to promote the sustainable use of biomass.     

Does legislation or form of association influence the harmonization of accounting? A study of accounting in the Swedish water and sewage sector

The regulation of Swedish municipal accounting has gone through fundamental changes over recent decades. On 1 January 1998, municipal accounting became regulated by law, after having been merely voluntarily regulated in the past. Using the lens of agency theory as well as institutional theory, this paper explores how legislation and chosen form of association influence the harmonization of accounting and the application of generally accepted accounting principles in the Swedish water and sewage sector. Through comparisons of survey data from the year before and five years after the legislation, the study analyzes whether the legislation has affected the level of harmonization. Even though municipal accounting now is regulated by law, the requirements for aspects such as auditing are still much lower for municipals than for companies; the requirements for accountability are much lower for municipal agents than for companies. The study also analyzes whether there is any relationship between form of association and level of harmonization. The results do not indicate that the legislation had any effect on harmonization; neither do the results show any significant relationship between form of association and level of harmonization.     

IEC百年起因与创新——竞争与和谐

要做与国际接轨的创新，必须知其然，更需知其所以然。     

更新 整合 对话 创造--加拿大多伦多大学戈思丁科学信息中心改扩建设计解读

本文探讨了多伦多大学戈思丁科学信息中心的改扩建设计,分析了其"在更新中整合"、"在对话中创造"的设计思想,以及对建筑空间、环境和形式的处理.     

尊重城市肌理融入城市空间——紫金长安家园建筑综合体设计

本文通过对紫金长安家园建筑综合体城市设计过程进行思考和总结,提出建筑创作不应局限于建筑本身,更应妥善处理复杂的建筑功能布局关系,遵循建筑法规的限制条件,协调城市既有环境关系与开发商的商业利益之间的矛盾,而对这些条件的协调和利用往往会塑造出建筑独特的品质。     

虚拟企业环境下协同产品设计过程协调与监控技术

提出了一个虚拟企业环境下协同产品设计过程管理系统的总体框架，并针对目前虚拟企业环境下协同设计中处理突发事件和意外能力不足、无法有效地进行设计过程实时监控和协调的问题，提出了整体规划与局部决策相结合的设计过程融合与控制机制，重点探讨了采用JSP／Servlet／XML技术实现工作流程变更通知、设计任务状态的监控与提醒，以及设计项目进度实时监控的方法与策略，为Intemet环境下协同设计过程的动态规划与管理提供了有效的途径。