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排序方式: 共有161条查询结果,搜索用时 578 毫秒
1.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(4):2187-2199
A superhydrophilic Ru-based 3D electrode, denoted as Ru-PA/NF, was fabricated under the assistance of phytic acid (PA) for electrocatalytic hydrogenation of p-Nitrophenol. PA serves as a multifunctional modulator to facilitate the dispersion of active Ru species in porous nickel foam (NF), meanwhile enhance the surface wettability as well as adjust the micromorphology. In alkaline media, the Ru-PA/NF electrode shows the PNP conversion of 94.68% and the PAP selectivity of 99% after 9 h, accompanied by the faraday efficiency (FE) of 73.15%. Over the superhydrophilic Ru-PA/NF the rate constant of PNP conversion into PAP is 2.62-times higher than that over the hydrophobic Ru/NF prepared without the aid of PA, and FE of Ru-PA/NF is 1.28-times higher than Ru/NF. This can be ascribed to intriguing features of Ru-PA/NF involving higher Ru loading, more exposed sites, superior electrolyte wetting along with faster charge transfer rate. 相似文献
2.
To study bubble interaction with non-hydrophobic particles an imaging technique has been developed to quantify particle pick up at a pendant bubble by measuring the bubble–particle attachment angle (BPA) made by the particle bed on the bubble. The technique was verified by correlating pick up mass against BPA. Pick up of alumina was shown to correlate with difference in alumina and bubble zeta potential supporting an electrostatic model of interaction with non-hydrophobic particles. Pick up also correlated with contact angle (Washburn method) indicating the electrostatic force is sufficient to establish a solid–air interface. 相似文献
3.
Hongbin Gu Jiangning Wu Philip Chan Ginette Turcotte Tianjiang Ye 《Chemical Engineering Research and Design》2012
To improve surface hydrophilicity and to reduce fouling, commercial polypropylene microfiltration membranes were ozonated to generate peroxides as grafting sites for hydrophilic monomers. Ozonation was conducted in aqueous and gaseous phases, respectively. In both phases, the amount of peroxides increased with the ozonation time. A novel way to enhance the generation of peroxides was tested, i.e., adding homogeneous catalyst, CuSO4, to aqueous ozonation. Results showed that with an optimum dose of 0.05 g/L of CuSO4, the peroxides generated were 18.2% more than that by the non-catalyzed ozonation in aqueous phase. It was also confirmed by scavenger tests that during the aqueous ozonation both molecular ozone and free radicals contributed to the oxidation of the membranes, the latter was formed from the self-decomposition of ozone in water. Graft polymerization was also conducted after the generation of peroxides. A hydrophilic monomer, acrylic amide, was graft polymerized onto the membrane surface. The successful grafting of acrylic amide was confirmed by the formation of new peaks corresponding to amide groups in FTIR spectra. Results of contact angle measurements and filtration tests indicated that aqueous ozonation was more effective than its gaseous counterpart in terms of hydrophilicity improvement. In addition, the XRD analysis revealed that the ratio of the membrane surface crystallinity to amorphousity was changed by both ozonation and graft polymerization. Results of SEM scanning also showed changes in membrane surfaces after modification. 相似文献
4.
李宝娥 《稀有金属材料与工程》2016,45(4):858-862
本文通过阳极氧化处理技术在钛表面制备出具有不同粗糙度和亲水性的纳米表面。采用扫描电镜观察表面特征,原子力显微镜检测表面粗糙度,接触角仪测量亲水性。实验结果表明,表面形貌随着氧化电压和时间的改变有较大变化。在优化的电解液和氧化条件下,可以在钛表面制备规则排列的纳米管阵列。粗糙度随着氧化时间的延长而增大,在几十到几百纳米之间变化,而氧化电压对粗糙度的影响不大。表面亲水性随着氧化时间的延长先增加,再降低。钛表面结构形貌、粗糙度与亲水性的变化可用阳极氧化过程中表面发生的反应进行解释。 相似文献
5.
以三氟乙酸和二氯甲烷为混合溶剂,采用静电纺丝法制备聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)/聚乙烯醇(PVA)复合膜。用旋转粘度计和电导率仪测定溶液的黏度和电导率,用扫描电子显微镜、拉伸和水接触角测试PBT/PVA不同比例对纤维膜的形貌、力学和亲水性能的影响。结果表明,随着PVA比例的增加,混合溶液的黏度逐渐增大,而电导率先增大后减小;当PBT/PVA的比例为90/10时,纳米纤维的平均直径最小,为323 nm,而其纳米纤维膜的力学性能与纯PBT纤维膜相比显著提高,拉伸强度、弹性模量和断裂伸长率分别增加了213%,260%和57%;PVA的加入改善PBT纤维的亲水性,制备出力学性能优异且亲水的PBT/PVA纤维膜。 相似文献
6.
High‐density polyethylene (HDPE) films were ozonated in the gas phase and in distilled water, respectively, to improve their surface hydrophilicity. The efficiency of ozonation conducted in the gaseous and aqueous phases was compared. The results indicated that the aqueous ozonation was more effective than its gaseous counterpart in terms of peroxide generation. The results also showed that the concentration of peroxides generated on the film surfaces increased with the applied ozone dose and ozonation time in both phases. It was found that the peroxides generated by aqueous ozonation were accessible to monomers for graft polymerization. The hydrophilicity of the HDPE films was significantly improved by graft polymerization of acrylamide (AAm) initiated by the peroxides. The contact angle reduction from 74.9° to 38.6° indicated the successful graft polymerization. The successful graft polymerization of AAm was further confirmed by the formation of new peaks corresponding to amide groups in FTIR spectra and by scanning electron microscope images. 相似文献
7.
In order to develop a colored mirror with hydrophilicity, TiO2 films are deposited on the Cr and amorphous-TiO2 substrate. In TiO2/Cr, a mixed phase comprising of anatase and rutile is formed. In TiO2/amorphous-TiO2/Cr, pure anatase phase is obtained. The amorphous-TiO2 film as interlayer tends to induce micro-columnar-shaped anatase phase. The formation of anatase phase leads to an abrupt decrease of the contact angle by UV-irradiation. Hydrophilic to hydrophobic reconversion by electron-hole recombination is retarded, which seems to be due to pure anatase phase without rutile phase. 相似文献
8.
A DC glow discharge plasma was generated inside polymer tube at low pressure. The polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tube with 4 mm inner diameter and 50 mm length was treated by Ar plasma generated inside the tube. The hydrophilic property of the inner surface of the PVC tube was remarkably improved after the plasma treatment. The water contact angle of the inner surface decreased to 37° from 75° for the untreated sample as the treatment time increase to 30 min. The water contact angle of plasma-treated PVC tube decreases with increasing applied voltage, but increase with increase in working pressure. When the Ar plasma-treated PVC tubes are stored in air at room temperature, the contact-angles of the inner surface quickly increases and finally reaches a plateau value which is still considerably lower than the 75° for the untreated sample. 相似文献
9.
Osamu Kitao Ersan Demiralp Tahir Cagin Siddharth Dasgupta Masuhiro Mikami Kazutoshi Tanabe William A. Goddard III 《Computational Materials Science》1999,14(1-4):135-137
Aluminophosphate zeolite is an artificial material which shows strange hydrophilicity. We have been investigating the reason by quantum mechanics, and found that the hydrophilicity of this zeolite depended on the local geometric deformation, and speculated that the site-specific hydrophilicity might be explained by differences in the stiffness of the local deformation determined by the location with the pore structure. In order to test these ideas, we construct a reliable force field based on the new MS-Q approach developed by Demiralp, Cagin, and Goddard. Our force field well reproduces the experimental structure of VPI-5. 相似文献
10.