编队飞行InSAR的平地效应与地形高度效应分析

在编队飞行条件下,推导了InSAR干涉相位特性与平地之间的关系以及相位特性与地形高度之间的关系,定量分析了平地效应对相位的影响以及地形高度对相位的影响.平地与地形高度二者共同影响了InSAR信号的相位,因此相位表达式可以写成二个偏导数的和的形式.以圆锥体为例仿真了地面场景,在不同视角,不同雷达波长,不同基线长度的条件下做了仿真,仿真实验的结果与理论分析的结果一致.     

An empirical InSAR-optical fusion approach to mapping vegetation canopy height

Exploiting synergies afforded by a host of recently available national-scale data sets derived from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and passive optical remote sensing, this paper describes the development of a novel empirical approach for the provision of regional- to continental-scale estimates of vegetation canopy height. Supported by data from the 2000 Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), the National Elevation Dataset (NED), the LANDFIRE project, and the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2001, this paper describes a data fusion and modeling strategy for developing the first-ever high-resolution map of canopy height for the conterminous U.S. The approach was tested as part of a prototype study spanning some 62,000 km² in central Utah (NLCD mapping zone 16). A mapping strategy based on object-oriented image analysis and tree-based regression techniques is employed. Empirical model development is driven by a database of height metrics obtained from an extensive field plot network administered by the USDA Forest Service-Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program. Based on data from 508 FIA field plots, an average absolute height error of 2.1 m (r = 0.88) was achieved for the prototype mapping zone.     

一种新的InSAR基线估计方法

针对InSAR技术中基线估计误差对DEM精度的影响,从传统的基线估计方法入手,提出了一种新的估计基线参数的方法,并用仿真实验做了论证.结果表明,该方法比以往传统的方法得到的基线参数的精度更高,运算速度更快,应用范围更加广泛.     

昆仑山口西8.1级大地震震后库赛湖地区多时相InSAR地表形变遥感探测

利用2003年~2007年间14景欧空局ENVISAT ASAR卫星数据,结合SRTM DEM数据,采用多时相SAR协同配准方法进行二路干涉处理,对2001年11月昆仑山口西8.1级大地震宏观震中—库赛湖地区的地表形变场进行了多时相探测。结果表明:①多时相InSAR技术能够对位于高海拔山区的东昆仑断裂带库赛湖段的地表形变实施连续监测;②震后发震断裂带的调整活动经历了一个动态变化的过程,2003年~2004年、2005年9月至2006年2月相对活跃,调整幅度较大,2004年11月至2005年9月间调整较小;③2006年~2007年发震断裂带地区活动逐渐减弱。     

Forest biomass mapping from lidar and radar synergies

The use of lidar and radar instruments to measure forest structure attributes such as height and biomass at global scales is being considered for a future Earth Observation satellite mission, DESDynI (Deformation, Ecosystem Structure, and Dynamics of Ice). Large footprint lidar makes a direct measurement of the heights of scatterers in the illuminated footprint and can yield accurate information about the vertical profile of the canopy within lidar footprint samples. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is known to sense the canopy volume, especially at longer wavelengths and provides image data. Methods for biomass mapping by a combination of lidar sampling and radar mapping need to be developed.In this study, several issues in this respect were investigated using aircraft borne lidar and SAR data in Howland, Maine, USA. The stepwise regression selected the height indices rh50 and rh75 of the Laser Vegetation Imaging Sensor (LVIS) data for predicting field measured biomass with a R² of 0.71 and RMSE of 31.33 Mg/ha. The above-ground biomass map generated from this regression model was considered to represent the true biomass of the area and was used as a reference map since no better biomass map exists for the area. Random samples were taken from the biomass map and the correlation between the sampled biomass and co-located SAR signature was studied. The best models were used to extend the biomass from lidar samples into all forested areas in the study area, which mimics a procedure that could be used for the future DESDYnI mission. It was found that depending on the data types used (quad-pol or dual-pol) the SAR data can predict the lidar biomass samples with R² of 0.63-0.71, RMSE of 32.0-28.2 Mg/ha up to biomass levels of 200-250 Mg/ha. The mean biomass of the study area calculated from the biomass maps generated by lidar-SAR synergy was within 10% of the reference biomass map derived from LVIS data. The results from this study are preliminary, but do show the potential of the combined use of lidar samples and radar imagery for forest biomass mapping. Various issues regarding lidar/radar data synergies for biomass mapping are discussed in the paper.     

InSAR相位解缠算法的实验对比研究

相位解缠是InSAR处理中的一个关键步骤,相位解缠算法的选取很大程度上影响着最终的结果。本文主要介绍和比较了6种常用的相位解缠算法,并选取西藏当雄地区的地震同震影像进行实验分析,对解缠结果的质量进行评价比较。结果表明:统计耗费网络流算法结果充分顾及了相干图所包含的信息,获得了一个较优的全局解,解缠结果的连续性较好。而且直接处理感兴趣的且数据质量好的离散区域,实现效率高,可以将误差限制在一个小范围内,防止误差的再传递,解缠结果较精确。     

基于标志点的InSAR系统仿真性能评估方法

系统仿真实验对于天基InSAR系统的总体设计和关键技术验证意义重大,性能评估是其中的关键环节之一。建立了由三大类共8项指标组成的InSAR系统性能指标体系,提出了基于标志点的InSAR系统仿真性能评估方法。该方法通过在仿真地面场景中合理布设标志点,并以标志点作为评估样本点来计算各项指标,可达到与理想干涉量评估方法相近的指标计算精度,同时避免了理想干涉量评估方法稳健性不足的问题,且计算效率更高。仿真实验结果验证了评估方法的有效性。     

InSAR中应用可靠度导向改进的分级表相位展开算法

目的 在干涉合成孔径雷达的相位展开过程中,如果相位展开的展开路径穿过残差点就会产生相位展开的误差。在相位展开的时候,希望将相位展开的误差限制在局部区域,提高相位展开的精度。方法 首先通过判断截断相位图的残差点,并以InSAR的干涉一致性图作为相位展开的可靠性度量,对截断相位图进行量化,将残差处的可靠度设为排序中的最低等级。在进行可靠度排序后进行干涉合成孔径雷达相位图的相位展开。结果 使用该算法改进了经典可靠度导向相位展开算法中可靠度排序的缓慢问题。与经典菱形算法相比,展开精度高很多。与洪水算法相比,展开速度能快上百倍。通过可靠度排序的改进,对干涉合成孔径雷达相位展开后的结果进行分析,可以看到提高了相位展开的精度,有效的控制了相位展开过程中误差的传递。结论 相位展开算法的改进提高了干涉合成孔径雷达相位展开的精度,在干涉合成孔径雷达的相位展开中可以广泛应用。     

高分辨率机载InSAR高程距离向空变误差定标方法

高分辨率机载干涉合成孔径雷达(Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, InSAR)是获取高精度数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model, DEM)的重要手段之一。由于主副天线距离向相位方向图存在差异等原因,导致干涉相位偏差沿距离向变化,而传统的干涉定标方法将干涉相位偏差视为常数进行定标,无法消除干涉相位沿距离向变化的误差,因此使得定标后反演得到的高程存在距离向空变误差。针对该问题,该文提出一种单独将干涉相位偏差沿视角进行多项式拟合的定标方法。最后,利用一组机载实测数据对该方法加以验证,实验结果表明,该方法能有效地解决高分辨率机载InSAR高程测量距离向误差的空变问题。     

多天线干扰机对抗InSAR双通道干扰对消的研究

干扰机运动能给双通道干扰对消带来困难,但连续运动的干扰机只在一定范围内有较好的干扰效果。旋转干扰机具有运动的重复性,该文分析了旋转运动的干扰机对InSAR双通道干扰对消的影响,针对旋臂过长不易实现的问题,提出用分布式的多干扰发射天线通过分时发射模拟旋转干扰机的方法,仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性。