Ein Modell zur Berechnung des Verformungsverhaltens von horizontal hochzyklisch beanspruchten Pfählen

A model for the behavior of horizontally high‐cycle loaded piles For the prediction of the deformation for long or intermediate long piles under lateral high cycle load, embedded in non‐cohesive soil, a simplified engineering model for drained conditions is developed based on the high cycle accumulation (HCA) model of Niemunis , Wichtmann and Triantafyllidis [1]. The monotonic soil deformation under static load is approximated by elastic springs, placed around the pile, whereas the accumulation of soil deformations under cyclic loading is modelled by viscous dashpots (cyclic creep) according to the HCA model. In most instances this contemplation is physically validated by element tests. In conjunction with the pile the spring‐dashpot elements represent an elastically embedded beam system. Two versions of the model with a two‐sided arrangement of springs and dashpots on the Lee‐ and Luv‐side and a one‐sided arrangement only on the Lee‐side will be presented. The pile displacement prediction of the model is compared with the results obtained by existing engineering models already known in the literature and the solution of a 3‐D‐finite element simulation with the HCA model.     

Experimentelle und analytische Untersuchung des out‐of‐plane‐Verhaltens von unbewehrten Mauerwerkswänden unter Erdbebenbelastung

Experimental and analytical investigation of the seismic out‐of‐plane behavior of unreinforced masonry walls In addition to the vertical and horizontal load‐bearing in‐plane, masonry must also withstand out‐of‐plane loads that occur in earthquake scenarios. The out‐of‐plane behavior of unreinforced masonry walls depends on a variety of parameters and is very complex due to the strong non‐linearity. Current design methods in German codes and various international codes have not been explicitly developed for out‐of‐plane behavior and contain considerable conservatism. In the present work, shaking‐table experiments with heat‐insulating masonry walls have been conducted to investigate the out‐of‐plane behavior of vertical spanning unreinforced masonry walls. As shown in previous numerical investigations, important parameters are neglected in existing design and analysis models and the out‐of‐plane capacity is underestimated significantly. In the conducted experiments the results of these numerical investigations are verified. Furthermore, the development of an analytical design model to determine the force‐displacement relationship and the out‐of‐plane load‐bearing capacity considering all significant parameters is presented.     

Traglast von Verbandsstäben aus Hohlprofilen mit quasi‐zentrischem Knotenblechanschluss

m Hoch‐ und Industriebau werden oft Fachwerk‐ bzw. Verbandsstäbe mit Hohlprofilquerschnitten ausgeführt, die an beiden Stabenden eingeschlitzte Knotenbleche aufweisen. Diese schließen mittels einer einfachen Baustellenschweiß‐ bzw. Schraubverbindung an ebene – nicht weiter ausgesteifte – Bleche der weiterführenden Konstruktion an. Dabei wird in der Praxis mitunter ein quasi‐zentrischer Anschluss ausgeführt, indem das eingeschlitzte Knotenblech zur Stabachse eine Exzentrizität im Ausmaß der halben Knotenblechdicke aufweist, so dass die Stabexzentrizität minimiert wird. Nachfolgend wird das Tragverhalten und die Traglast derartiger Verbandsstäbe unter Zug‐ und Drucknormalkräften anhand numerischer Traglastberechnungen analysiert und mit einfachen Berechnungsmodellen der Ingenieurpraxis, auf Basis des Eurocodes – mit und ohne Erfassung der Exzentrizitäten, verglichen. Die geometrischen Parameter und Randbedingungen werden derart variiert, dass übliche praktische Fälle abgedeckt sind. Trotz der beschränkten Anzahl an untersuchten Einzelstabausführungen ist durch gezielte Variation der Haupteinflussgrößen eine allgemeine Beurteilung des Tragverhaltens möglich. Darauf aufbauend wird ein verbessertes Ingenieurmodell vorgestellt, das eine zutreffende Bemessung erlaubt. Load bearing capacity of bracing members with almost centric joints. In building constructions for bracing members often hollow sections are used with slotted gusset plates at the ends. These plates are attached to unstiffened plates of the adjacent construction. In practice sometimes a nearly centred joint is designed, by arranging the slotted gusset plate with an eccentricity of half the plate thickness to the member axis, so that the member eccentricity is minimised. In the paper the load carrying behaviour of such members under compression and tension is discussed based on numerical analyses with nonlinear FE models including imperfections. The results are also compared with simplified engineering models, based on the Eurocode. The geometric parameters and boundary conditions are varied in such a way that practical cases are covered and that the typical load carrying behaviour can be seen. Based on these results an improved engineering model for the design is represented.