SAR影像海洋表面溢油检测方法与实现

海洋是地球的重要组成部分,它为人类提供了丰富的物质和宝贵的资源,每年海洋都承受着不同程度的侵害,其中油类污染是给海洋造成巨大危害的污染之一。而油类污染又主要来源于轮船破裂漏油以及油井平台或海底输油管道爆炸等。每次事故造成的直接经济损失达几百万至上千万不等,所以对海上溢油进行监测具有重要的意义。选用Envisat的ASAR数据进行海上溢油检测,介绍并分析了SAR图像溢油检测的一般步骤及其实现方法,通过采用单一阈值分割法、最大熵分割法和非监督分类法对影像进行目标检测,从而粗略地将影像区分为前景区域与背景区域,并结合影像的纹理特征进行分类。在纹理特征选取过程中,通过人工选取部分溢油区与非溢油区作为感兴趣区,在感兴趣区上分别统计SAR影像常用的纹理特征,并结合不同目标检测的结果以及原始影像进行基于BP神经网络的分类,得到了良好的效果。最后展望了SAR图像海洋溢油检测的发展方向。     

基于多尺度自适应小波阈值的SAR图像降噪

为了抑制合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar,SAR)成像系统所固有的相干斑噪声,提出一种小波域的多尺度自适应阈值滤波算法.本算法基于BayesShrink阈值,利用多尺度小波系数的局部统计量估计参数和阈值,并结合空域增强Lee算法的思想,平滑均匀区域,保留斑点发育不完全区域.实验结果表明,相对于传统的空域滤波算法、小波软阈值去噪算法和BayesShrink软阈值算法,本算法等效视数(equivalent number of looks,ENL)和边缘保持指数最高,能有效抑制斑点噪声,并且很好地保存了边缘细节。     

Optimal assignment of human resources for maintenance departments using fuzzy queuing systems

Maintenance-related costs are one of the main components of overhead costs and constitute an important part of a product’s actual cost. Therefore, making proper efforts to reduce and optimise maintenance costs could be one way of gaining competitive advantages. A major part of maintenance-related costs is the salaries paid to the workforce in the maintenance department. This paper seeks the optimal assignment of human resources to the maintenance department to reduce the related costs. First, we model the maintenance department using fuzzy queue models. Then, a cost function is proposed which includes the costs of workforce shortage and workforce overload. The optimal size of workforce is obtained by considering different numbers and choosing the one which minimises the total costs. Some parameters are fuzzy outputs of the queue models, which make fuzzy results of the cost function. In order to find the minimum fuzzy cost function, we use Lee and Li fuzzy ranking method. Finally, our model is tested in a spiral-tube company and a sensitivity analysis is performed.     

一种基于双Haar小波的图像去噪算法

在小波域实现信号噪声的滤除是近年来图像处理领域中的研究热点,尤其是三通道双Haar小波的提出,使噪声抑制更加有效.基于双Haar小波变换,并根据Lee滤波的局部统计特性,考虑到小波变换的高频部分涵盖大量的图像边缘等细节信息,因此在滤波窗口选择上提出了具有方向性的新算法,实现了在小波域中平滑噪声的同时还可以保护图像边缘细节不受损失.实验表明新窗口的模型与Donoho的软门限方法相比较,可以给出更好的去噪效果.     

Boxcar滤波器和极化Refined Lee滤波器对极化SAR分类精度影响的评估

本文阐述了Boxcar滤波器和极化Refined Lee滤波器的滤波原理,比较了两种滤波器的滤波效果.通过滤波后的极化图像分类精度的比较发现,滤波能显著提高监督分类的精度,滤波是提高分类精度必不可少的技术环节,Boxcar滤波在提高分类精度方面要优于Refined Lee滤波,此外滤波窗口的大小对分类精度也有重要的影响.     

Networked Space

Dennis Shelden , Chief Technology Officer at Gehry Technologies, asserts ‘a networked spatial approach to design informatics’ that brings together a spatial understanding with a current knowledge of geometry, the digital and modern communications. This emphasises the connections between not only forms and objects in space, but also among disciplines in a collaborative practice context and of the Web itself. It is a connectedness that has been further facilitated by the adoption of 3-D building information modelling (BIM) that helps to streamline processes and facilitate better communication among disparate members of the design team.     

All Night Long: The Architectural Jazz of the Texas Rangers

In the mid-1950s, a group of young faculty at the University of Texas School of Architecture in Austin - aka the Texas Rangers - entertained themselves with weekly sessions of a sophisticated, collective drawing game, ‘Dot-the-Dot’, in which there was an emphasis on inventive fluency in hand drawing as well as an innate knowledge of historic European city plans. What happened when Mark Morris , Visiting Associate Professor at Cornell University, decided in a design studio to ask present-day students to revive the game?     

Lake Champlain offshore benthic invertebrate community before and after zebra mussel invasion

Benthic invertebrates are important bio-indicators of water quality and play a significant role in aquatic systems. Lake Champlain has limited benthic invertebrate data which hinders development of food web models, assessment of invasive species impacts, and evaluation of management actions. In June 2016, we assessed benthic invertebrates along three transects in the main basin of Lake Champlain ranging from 5 to 100?m, and then compared results to densities from a limited survey in 1991 prior to the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) invasion. In 2016, total biomass and density were 1–2 orders of magnitude greater at 5?m than at 20–100?m. Zebra mussels, chironomids, oligochaetes, and gastropods were dominant at 5?m, and oligochaetes and sphaeriids were dominant at 20–100?m. Total density at the 5-m site was 94% lower in 2016 compared to 1991, but similar at the 100-m site. Diporeia, while abundant in many freshwater bodies, is historically rare in Lake Champlain and was not detected in our sampling. Because Lake Champlain benthic invertebrate densities are low and display dissimilar distributions to the Great Lakes, we hypothesize the offshore fish community is likely much more reliant on pelagic rather than benthic production. Although the current composition and biomass suggest the benthic community in Lake Champlain may not be greatly impacted by an invasion of quagga mussel (D. rostriformis bugensis), the potential for quaggas to re-route energy from pelagic to benthic habitats, as it has in the Great Lakes, could limit the Lake Champlain offshore fish community.     

在多因素HJM框架之下估价一种利率差价期权

本文研究了在两种利率差价上一个欧式期权的定价问题,这一问题类似于两种资产互换的期权。在一个多因素HJM框架之下本文获得了这种利率差价期权的精确的定价公式。文中表明利率的不完全相关性的引入是非常必要的,在单因素模型之下,比如Ho和Lee(1985)模型,是不能定价这一类期权的。     

扩展的Jacobi椭圆函数展开法在求解Chen - Lee - Liu方程精确解中的应用

利用扩展的Jacobi椭圆函数展开法研究了Chen - Lee - Liu方程的精确解,所得解包括该方程的系列周期解和孤子解.特别地,当m→1和m→0时,得到了该方程的三角函数解和双曲函数解的精确表达式.绘制了该方程的三角函数解和双曲函数解的孤波图.其二维图像显示,孤立波的振幅不随时间的变化而发生变化,但其空间位置发生变化.