Monte Carlo simulation of construction costs using subjective data

The objectives of construction projects, from the client's point of view, are well known, and techniques have been developed to help practitioners achieve them. Ensuring that projects contribute towards protecting the environment is not yet one of these objectives. However, in almost all countries, issues relating to the environment are receiving attention from governments, non-governmental institutions and commercial organizations in most sectors of the economy, as well as from the general public. Statutory measures are being taken by governments to effect pollution control, resource conservation and protection of natural ecosystems. Productive enterprises are reviewing, and where necessary, changing aspects of their operations to address these concerns and comply with the increasingly more stringent requirements. Many environment-related statutes, regulations, codes and general policies have implications for the construction industry, affecting where constructed items are located, how they are planned and designed, the materials and components used, the techniques and equipment adopted, and how the completed facilities are maintained, altered and, ultimately, demolished.

After giving an overview of the factors contributing to, and the nature of, general developments relating to the environment {especially in the area of government policy), the implications of these trends for the construction industry are considered. Actions being taken by the industry in these regards are next discussed. It is suggested that the consideration of issues relating to the environment should be part of the culture of the construction industry everywhere, and that there is a case for making the environment the fourth client objective on construction projects.     

独立学院《计算机基础》课程教学改革与探讨

《计算机基础》是一门面向大一新生所有非计算机专业的公共基础课,具有很强的基础性和实践性。以云南大学旅游文化学院为例,针对该课程特点、定位、教学内容,独立学院学生的特点等,对《计算机基础》课程的教学进行探讨研究。     

培养化工类专业创新人才的探索

当今科学技术迅速发展,产业不断升级,对化工类专业的人才培养提出了更高的要求。本论文从专业培养目标、教学计划、师资队伍建设、教学方法和手段、管理和测评方法等几个方面,阐述了现状及改革的方向,为培养化工类创新型人才提出了建议。     

基于MATLAB的航空圆弧齿面齿轮的多目标优化设计

基于航空圆弧齿面齿轮的啮合理论,建立了优化设计的目标函数,寻找到了对目标函数构成约束的约束条件。应用线形加权法把目标函数转化为评价函数的基础上,利用MATLAB优化设计工具箱进行了多目标优化设计。     

Model review and algorithm comparison on multi-objective disassembly line balancing

As the disassembly of end-of-life products is affected by several dynamic and uncertain issues, many mathematical models and solution approaches have been established. However, with more extended objectives, constraints and different methods of disassembly, inconsistent models relating to product representations and types of disassembly lines have become the main barriers for the transfer of research to practise. In this paper, a systematic overview of recent models to summarise the input data, parameters, decision variables, constraints and objectives of disassembly line balancing are presented. After discussing the adaptation and extensibility of these models for different environments, a unified encoding scheme is designed to apply typical multi-objective evolutionary algorithms on this problem with extensive decision variables and seven significant objectives. Algorithm comparison on four typical cases is then carried out based on seven commonly used products to verify the optimisation process for the integrated version of existing models and demonstrate the overall performance of the typical multi-objective evolutionary algorithms on this problem. Experimental results can be a baseline for further algorithm design and practical algorithm selection on these disassembly line balancing scenarios.     

新学科背景下城乡规划专业《风景园林规划设计》课建设的思考与实践

在城乡规划学与风景园林学均独立成为一级学科的背景下,城乡规划与风景园林专业人才培养体系、培养目标与就业范围间的交叉将会进一步弱化。浙江工业大学城市规划系针对《风景园林规划设计》课,以"做好配角、服务主角"为课程定位,以"不求全、但求通"为课程教学目标,探索与实践在城乡规划专业培养计划下实现具有一定"风景园林/景观"方面的知识与技能的城乡规划设计、开发管理或后续城市研究人才的培养。     

美国联邦法规10 CFR 50附录Ⅰ的修订方案及对我国辐射防护审管的启示

本文详细介绍了美国核管理委员会(NRC)对轻水堆的设计目标基准的修订方案和策略,并在此基础上,考虑到我国核电厂址向内陆发展所致公众照射途径的变化,提出了需要明确核动力厂设计目标值的建议,以及应用现行辐射防护相关标准需要关注的问题:(1)ICRP第103号出版物从以前基于过程的实践和干预的方法发展为基于辐射照射情况性质(计划照射、应急照射和现存照射)的方法,应当注意区分不同的照射情况;(2)ICRP第103号出版物在数值上更新了当量剂量和有效剂量的辐射权重因子和组织权重因子,因此,实施剂量评估所采用的剂量转换因子也需要更新。     

在特色教材编写中突出“专业特色、产品特色与应用特色”——北京市精品教材立项项目“化工设备机械基础应用教程”

北京石油化工学院作为以培养高级应用型人才为主的二类本科院校,教材的选择与准确定位是实现教学目标的关键。我们在详细论述了北京市精品教材立项项目"化工设备机械基础应用教程"教材定位的基础上,提出了在教材的编写过程中突出"专业特色、产品特色与应用特色"的理念,为应用型本科教材的编写与出版进行了积极的探索。     

油藏精细描述关键技术及前景

国内大部分主力油田已进入高含水开发阶段,大量剩余油滞留于地下,开展精细油藏描述,建立储集层预测模型,确定剩余油分布特征意义深远。本文从精细油藏描述的描述目标、描述内容出发,对地层细分对比、储层流动单元、建立储层预测模型、裂缝识别和预测等精细油藏描述关键技术进行了讨论,并在此基础上,展望了精细油藏描述的发展前景。     

试论会计教育研究模式

准确构建会计教育研究模式对于会计教育的研究和发展大有裨益。这一会计教育研究模式告诉人们会计教育研究应从哪几个方面进行,以及各研究要素之间的逻辑关系．其中会计教育环境决定了会计教育观念,会计教育观念指导着会计教育目标体系的建立,会计教育目标又决定了会计教育层次和各层次的专业设置,而会计教学大纲、教学计划、师资、教学方法、教学手段、教材建设以及科研等则是会计教育目标实现的保障。