From information processing to dialogical meaning making: an experiential approach to cognitive ergonomics

In this paper, we argue that modelling human action as the execution of predetermined goals and cognition as information processing does not account for peoples experience with emerging technologies, which is as much about values, trust and identity as about executing tasks. We offer a complementary approach to information processing within cognitive ergonomics, which builds on Bruners characterisation of cognition as meaningmaking, and which sees human action as simultaneously creating and executing goals and human cognition as dialogical meaning making. An analysis of field work carried out in two ambulance control centres is employed to exemplify aspects of the creativity and responsivity of work activity that are central to our approach. Finally, in this context, we briefly consider how technological artefacts could be conceptualised as centres of value in an approach to cognitive ergonomics that attempts to accommodate the intellectual, emotional and valuative aspects of work activity.     

莫霍利-纳吉创立的新包豪斯与设计学院

莫霍利-纳吉在芝加哥建立了新包豪斯和设计学院,开设了基础课程、摄影课、视觉设计、产品设计以及建筑设计等主要课程。学院最初只是对包豪斯思想的植入,到后期受到美国实用主义理论的影响,开始强调适用于工业化的设计。这种实用主义的教育理念对当今建筑教育仍具有重要的借鉴意义。     

衰退与繁荣当代爱尔兰建筑简述（2010-2013）

文章简要介绍了当代爱尔兰建筑的发展与背景,以及爱尔兰建筑师面对当代社会、经济和文化发展带来的剧烈变化,以深深根植于现代主义建筑传统和爱尔兰本土文化的、实用、理性的设计策略,取得的令人瞩目的成就。     

论杜威的社会哲学

古典实用主义在杜威达到顶峰 ,杜威把从自然科学中总结出来的思想五步法推广到了社会科学领域 ,对传统的社会哲学进行了改造 ,提出了一些有见地的观点 ,但从整体上陷入了历史的多元论和改良主义。     

The linguistic turn in project conceptualization

Prior and conflicting stakeholder concerns can make projects complex. Listening to, and integrating, this concern into the project is easier said than done. However the pragmatic ethics of the Australian ‘fair-go’ argues long term success requires an attempt be made. This pragmatic philosophy provides a solution by explaining the relationship between community, conceptualization and agreed reasonable action. After introducing pragmatism, this paper uses an Australian based re-organization project to explain why linguistic concepts might be used to conceive projects made complex by conflicting stakeholders. The philosophy is made operational by using idea networking to reveal the concepts underpinning stakeholders' comments. This method clusters similar statements to enable exposure of these underlying concepts (themes, meta narrative), which are named. It was found that using this concept driven method provides an internally consistent means of conceptualizing projects with conflicting stakeholders' concerns.     

批评的演化:中国与西方的交流

20世纪90年代后期以来,中国和西方呈现了不同的发展趋势。在西方,后批评的实用主义正在超越批评主义传统；而在实用主义当道的当代中国,批评主义却开始兴起。文章以雷姆·库哈斯、张永和、刘家琨、马清运等人为例,探讨在中国与欧美世界之间的双向交流空间。文章试图提出一种地理的跨文化研究方法,强调只有在外部的、共生的国际空间中,才能看清中国或西方某地区、某国家的种种现象。文章首先阅读彼德·埃森曼和雷姆·库哈斯的有关论说,观察西方对于建筑实践和亚洲地域的不同态度。文章随后阅读乔治·贝尔德、迈克尔·斯皮克斯、罗伯特·苏摩和莎拉·怀汀的相关论述,理清西方后批评实用主义的论点。文章随即指出这些论点中地理或“外部”视野的缺失。文章指出,如果像这些学者认为的库哈斯确实是后批评主义实践的代表的话,那么亚洲和中国就必须包括在研究范围之内。文章随后转向中国,论及在当代中国的历史背景下,具有批评意味的纯粹建筑的兴起,以及背后的来自西方的影响。文章最后讨论中西之间的中介空间及其中孕育的第三视野。     

On the philosophical foundations of psychological measurement

Measurement has played a central role in the development of the physical sciences and engineering, and is considered by many to be a privileged method for acquiring information about the world. It is thus unsurprising that the psychological sciences have also attempted to develop methods for measurement. However, it is not clear how the ways in which psychological scientists understand measurement accord with how the concept is understood in other scientific disciplines, or by the professional and general publics. In part this may be due to the ways in which several distinct strands of thinking about scientific inquiry (and measurement in particular) have influenced the work of psychological scientists over roughly the past hundred years. Given that such influences are often not studied or even acknowledged, many psychological scientists may be unaware of the resulting tensions in their conceptual vocabulary, and of the gaps between the nature of their claims on psychological measurement and the substantiation for those claims. The aim of this paper is to overview the major philosophical influences on thinking about psychological measurement, and to note the pitfalls of some of the extreme positions that have emerged. We hope that such an overview may help facilitate greater clarity concerning the semantics of measurement claims made by psychological scientists.     

Cognitive engineering practice: melting theory into reality

Given the growing scope of cognitive engineering, our intent in this paper is to help uncover some of the regularities of the discipline. Adopting a pragmatic view, we attempt to interpret what cognitive engineers really do in practice, and to partly systematize this reality. The paper stresses the need for: (i) an explicit consideration of the demand for intervention and the analyst's preconceptions during the framing of the world-to-study, (ii) the adoption of multiple views for a sufficient understanding of the analysed world, (iii) a continuous reframing of the system under consideration (i.e., topological boundaries as well as timeframes) as the understanding of reality unfolds, (iv) acceptance and exploitation of the dialectic process between analysis/understanding and design/prediction.     

当代室内装饰设计之我见

随着社会经济的蓬勃发展,人民居住条件日益改善,室内装饰设计已成为世人关注的热点,本文指出了我国室内装饰设计中存在的一些误区,并重点阐述了实用主义在现代装饰设计中的应用。