25%小偏置碰撞策略及测试评估研究

随着汽车事故的增加,且小重叠碰撞事故死亡率居高不下,小偏置碰撞试验逐渐成为焦点。基于IIHS公布的最新车辆碰撞试验结果,统计超过100余款不同类型的25%小偏置碰撞车辆,建立碰撞转角与碰撞区域的数学模型,将25%小偏置碰撞归结为三种不同的碰撞策略,分别是吸能策略、掠过策略和掠过与吸能策略;并进行试验验证,对三种策略的优缺点进行分析。结果表明,小偏置碰撞试验可运用合理的碰撞策略达到法规要求,对25%小偏置碰撞试验具有一定的参考价值。     

Ecological Planting Imperative: Functional Systems,Not Stylized Ecologies

The ability of landscape architectural projects to mitigate the worst effects of climate change will depend upon designed ecological systems. These systems will be built with plants. Despite the recognition of ecology as an essential driver of landscapes, the professionals of landscape architecture too often lack the knowledge and practical skills to create robust vegetative systems. New approaches and tools are required. This article outlines principles and methods for designing biodiverse plant systems for urban sites. Planting methods that increase species richness, functional diversity, and spatial complexity are emphasized as a way of developing more resilient plantings. Selecting species with similar evolutionary adaptions to stress, disturbance, and competition—as well as creating multi-layered compositions of diverse plant morphologies—allows designers to create compatible, long-lived plant mixes. To balance the increased visual complexity of diverse plant mixes, the article explores design techniques to make plantings more appealing to the public. The strategies explored here are based on the projects, experience, and research of Phyto Studio, a Washington, D.C. based studio. The methods build on work described in the author’s book, Planting in a Post-Wild World, an exploration of how to create designed plant communities.     

A strategic roadmap for large-scale green hydrogen demonstration and commercialisation in China: A review and survey analysis

Hydrogen is gaining increased attention from industries and policymakers in China. However, most of the current demonstration projects in the country have relied on conventional energy sources, including industrial byproduct hydrogen and grey hydrogen produced from fossil fuels. Moreover, strategies and policy frameworks leading to a shift to green or low-carbon hydrogen have neither been explored in-depth nor been identified clearly in the context of China. This study aims at bridging such gaps. Roadmapping techniques enhanced by the Delphi method and SWOT analysis are used to survey hydrogen energy experts from government bodies, industries, and academia to achieve basic agreement on strategically enabling large-scale green hydrogen demonstrations followed by commercialisation in China. The outcome of two rounds of surveys showed that experts' opinions converged on a strategic roadmap with three stages of development. The corresponding policies needed in each stage are evaluated and selected to form a systemic framework.     

"适可而止"--"集合设计"在浙大网新科技园上的设计策略

“适可而止”是一种态度。文章用这个词归纳并品评了“集合设计”在浙大网新科技园项目上的设计策略。实际上,这种态度不仅体现在本项目的操作上,也反映在大部分中国建筑师目前时常面临的选择当中——关键是态度的指向能否逐渐形成更多积极性的策略。文章希望在追求“单纯性”、设计实验、细节控制和如何介入城市空间等方面的讨论能引导更多的读者有意识地用批判的眼光反观和印证自己的设计实践。     

Measuring consistency in TTL-based caches

We propose a general modeling framework to evaluate the performance of cache consistency algorithms. In addition to the usual hit rate, we introduce the hit^* rate as a consistency measure, which captures the fraction of non-stale downloads from the cache. We apply these ideas to the analysis of the fixed TTL consistency algorithm in the presence of network delays. The hit and hit^* rates are evaluated when requests and updates are modeled by renewal processes. Classical results on the renewal function lead to various bounds.     

旧工业建筑的再利用

旧工业建筑与其他旧建筑物相比,具有建筑主体结构坚固,空间高大灵活;体量大,拆除或新建对环境造成的影响大;具有其独特的设计理念和美学价值等特点,从而成为旧建筑再利用过程中一种重要的建筑类型。 本文通过对101厂房再利用案例设计过程的分析,对旧工业建筑再利用的目标、更新程序、方式、策略等方面进行具有可操作性和推广性的探索。     

时效和重新训练对Cu－Zn－Al合金组织与记忆性能的影响

用约束训练法对时效后的Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－Ａｌ形状记忆合金进行了重新训练。结果表明，在未发生贝氏体转变的条件下，时效所导致的记忆衰减可以通过重新训练予以改善。透射电镜分析指出，重新训练后，发生了马氏体的再取向，因时效而导致的细条状、台阶状变体大部分消除，且变体间的结合方式变为自协作性良好的孪晶关系，从而改善了合金的记忆性能。     

全球电信界的战略联盟

９０年代初，随着通信向全球化方向发展，发达国家各电信企业纷纷采用联盟的方式，相互联合，发挥各自优势，大举进军全球电信市场。面对这种联盟潮流，想要搭上全球通信的列车，发展中国家应该采取什么措施？坚持什么原则？本文作者对此进行了较深入的分析和研究，并对中国电信的发展提出了建议。