人体血压呼吸信号软件发生器的设计与实现

当今社会中计算机技术、数字信号处理技术、电子技术等行业不断地发展促进了医学技术的发展。人体生理信号发生器也在不断地发展。它是一种人体生理信号发生设备,其功能是对多参数监护仪是否可以正常工作进行检测。通过设置参数能够模拟出心电、呼吸、血压等信号的波形与数据情况。利用MATLAB软件主要完成了人体心电信号、呼吸信号、血压信号波形的软件仿真设计,且仿真效果较好。     

Self-reported use of ICT (Information and communication technology) uptake in 2002 and discomfort amongst Finns aged 45-66

In recent years the use of new technical equipment and the Internet by middle-aged people has increased. This paper presents middle-aged people’s (45 years old or older) usage of new technical equipment and analyses how their (2704 persons) symptoms are associated with the equipment. Over 70% of Finland’s middle-aged population use mobile phones daily and less than 30% use desktop computers at leisure. For example, over 80% of middle-aged people had sometimes or often experienced pain, numbness or aches in the neck and about 70% had aches in the hip and lower back. The use of new technical equipment among the group of people who are outside working life was smaller than the people’s usage in general. In the future, when new technical equipment is developed, it is important to take into account, that people (outside working life) do not use, e.g., the Internet as much as people in general. The working environment will be much more ergonomic also at home and the Internet services will be easy to use for almost everyone, even those who have little experience or knowledge of computers and the Internet.     

呼吸性粉尘监测及危害程度分级方法在露天矿山的应用

介绍由劳动部推行的矿山呼吸性粉尘监测及危害程度分级方法在露天矿山应用的经验和体会，并对分级标准的修改和监测结果的应用提出了建议。     

The effect of hyperoxia on submaximal exercise with the self-contained breathing apparatus

The e^ffects of hyperoxia on submaximal exercise with the self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) were studied in 25 males. Each participant completed a graded exercise test for the determination of ventilatory threshold (VT) and then a submaximal practice trial with a normoxic gas mixture. The normoxic (20.93 ± 0.22% O₂ ; SUB₂₁) and hyperoxic (40.18 ± 0.73% O₂; SUB₄₀) submaximal trials were then administered in a random order. All exercise tests were completed on separate days while wearing firefighting gear and the SCBA. Compared with SUB₂₁, hyperoxia significantly reduced minute ventilation ([Vdot]_E ), mask pressure (P_mask), heart rate, blood lactate concentration, perceived exertion, and perceived breathing distress. As expected, hemoglobin saturation remained higher (p<0.05) during SUB₄₀. The reductions in both [Vdot]_E and P_mask with hyperoxia imply a reduction in the work of breathing during exercise. Total gas consumption was 10.3 ± 8.1% lower during SUB₄₀ when compared to SUB₂₁, another finding that has significant practical implications for occupational safety.     

Metabolic and cardiovascular responses to exercise with caffeine

The effect of caffeine on circulation and metabolism was studied during a discontinuous maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂ max) test on a bicycle ergometer. Eight male subjects were chosen for their minimal use of caffeine of which six normally did not ingest caffeinated beverages. Two caffeinated and two decaffeinated (control) trials were administered to each subject following double-blind and counterbalanced testing procedures. One hour before exercise, subjects ingested decaffeinated coffee with or without 350 mg of caffeine anhydrous added. Cardiac output (Q) was measured by a C0₂ rebreathing technique. Compared to control trials, caffeine increased the VO₂ max by an average of 140ml min?¹ (p <0-0·5)l. In addition, during caffeine trials, the average maximal heart rate (HR max) was elevated by 5 beats min^?1 (p<0·01). There were no other statistically significant changes in metabolic (VO₂ and R) and cardiovascular (Q, HR, SV and (a-v) 0₂ diff) variables during either submaximal or maximal exercise. Performance, as measured by total exercise time on the VO₂ max test, was not significantly different (p>0·05). It was concluded that caffeine has a small physiological but a statistically significant effect on VQ₂ max and HR max. During submaximal exercise, caffeine did not significantly effect the cardiovascular system.     

Dutch Musculoskeletal Questionnaire: description and basic qualities

A questionnaire (‘Dutch Musculoskeletal Questionnaire’, DMQ) for the analysis of musculoskeletal workload and associated potential hazardous working conditions as well as musculoskeletal symptoms in worker populations is described and its qualities are explored using a database of 1575 workers in various occupations who completed the questionnaire. The 63 questions on musculoskeletal workload and associated potentially hazardous working conditions can be categorized into seven indices (force, dynamic and static load, repetitive load, climatic factors, vibration and ergonomic environmental factors). Together with four separate questions on standing, sitting, walking and uncomfortable postures, the indices constitute a brief overview of the main findings on musculoskeletal workload and associated potentially hazardous working conditions. Homogeneity of the indices is satisfactory. The divergent validity of the indices is fair when compared with an index of psychosocial working conditions and discomfort during exposure to physical loads. Worker groups with contrasting musculoskeletal loads can be differentiated on the basis of the indices and other factors. With respect to the concurrent validity, it appears that most indices and factors show significant associations with low back and/or neck shoulder symptoms. This questionnaire can be used as a simple and quick inventory for occupational health services to identify worker groups in which a more thorough ergonomic analysis is indicated.     

An application of OWA operators in fuzzy business diagnosis

The paper aims to develop an adjustment index based on OWA operators to enrich the results of diagnostic fuzzy models of business failure. A proposal to verify the diseases prediction accuracy of the models is also added. This allows a reduction of the map of causes or diseases detected in strategic defined areas. At the same time, these key areas can be disaggregated when an alert indicator is identified, and shows which of the causes need special attention. This application of OWA can encourage the development of suitable computer systems for monitoring companies’ problems, warn of failures and facilitate decision-making. In addition, taking Vigier and Terceño’s 2008 model as a benchmark, causes aggregation operators are introduced to evaluate alternative groupings, and the adjustment measure using approximate solutions is proposed to test the model’s prediction.The empirical estimation and the verification of the improvement proposals in a set of small and medium- sized enterprises (SMEs) in the construction industry are also presented. The functionality and the prediction capacity are thus measured and detected by monitoring key areas that warn about insolvency situations in the firm.     

The effect of slightly warm temperature on work performance and comfort in open‐plan offices – a laboratory study

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of a temperature of 29°C on performance in tasks involving different cognitive demands and to assess the effect on perceived performance, subjective workload, thermal comfort, perceived working conditions, cognitive fatigue, and somatic symptoms in a laboratory with realistic office environment. A comparison was made with a temperature of 23°C. Performance was measured on the basis of six different tasks that reflect different stages of cognitive performance. Thirty‐three students participated in the experiment. The exposure time was 3.5 h in both thermal conditions. Performance was negatively affected by slightly warm temperature in the N‐back working memory task. Temperature had no effect on performance in other tasks focusing on psychomotor, working memory, attention, or long‐term memory capabilities. Temperature had no effect on perceived performance. However, slightly warm temperature caused concentration difficulties. Throat symptoms were found to increase over time at 29°C, but no temporal change was seen at 23°C. No effect of temperature on other symptoms was found. As expected, the differences in thermal comfort were significant. Women perceived a temperature of 23°C colder than men.     

Recognizing the breathing resistances of wearing respirators from respiratory and sEMG signals with artificial neural networks

This study is devoted to recognizing the breathing resistances of wearing respirators from respiratory and surface electromyography (sEMG) signals. Ten subjects were required to sit for 5 min and walk for 5 min while wearing two different models of N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) and without a respirator. We recorded the sEMG signals from the respiratory muscles of the subjects, and the respiratory amplitude is also collected. Subsequently, fifteen features of the sEMG time domain and respiratory amplitude were extracted and used as input vectors to a recognition model based on artificial neural networks (ANNs). Finally, the experimental results show that these artificial neural networks are effective for recognizing different airway resistances of wearing respirators from sEMG and respiratory signals. The results also indicate that abdominal and scalene are the primary respiratory muscles affected by using N95 FFRs.Relevance to industryRespirator manufactures and administrations can readily employ this paper's findings for recognizing the breathing resistances of wearing respirators from respiratory and surface electromyography (sEMG) signals based on artificial neural networks automatically. Observations of the present study are in support of testing only the two primary muscles (abdominal and scalene) to simplify the evaluation of the effects of the breathing resistances of wearing respirators on respiratory muscles.     

L-左旋肉碱对人体运动能力的影响

左旋肉碱是一种类维生素的营养素 ,作为一种食品添加剂 ,经常被添加在减肥类保健食品中。本研究从人体运动生理学角度研究 ,采用自身对照的方法对 2 2名健康成人研究了左旋肉碱对人体运动能力的影响。结果表明服用左旋肉碱后 ,男女受试者无氧阈下的作功能力分别由 99.0± 10 .5W和 79.2± 9.8W上升至 111.0±7.7W和 87.3± 8.3W。呼吸商分别由 1.0 9± 0 .0 7和 1.0 9± 0 .10下降至 1.0 2± 0 .0 4和 1.0 3± 0 .0 7,使运动时脂肪代谢供能增加。乳酸、心率、每搏耗氧量和无氧阈的结果均提示左旋肉碱提高人体摄氧能力 ,节省肌糖原 ,从而发挥抗疲劳作用。