韭菜中农药腐霉利残留的膳食暴露风险评估

目的评估上海市市售韭菜中农药腐霉利的残留情况及居民膳食暴露风险。方法通过2016～2018年间市售韭菜中腐霉利残留的监测数据,结合本市居民食物消费量调查结果,基于蒙特卡罗分析法,采用@Risk7.5软件和风险商值(%ADI)进行风险评估。结果根据GB 2763-2016《食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定,近3年市售韭菜中腐霉利超标率为23.2%,残留量均值和95%分位值(P_(95))分别为0.76 mg/kg和4.81 mg/kg。本市居民通过韭菜腐霉利暴露量均值为6.17×10~(-5) mg·(kg·bw)~(-1)·d~(-1),风险商为0.06%ADI;高端暴露量(P_(95))为1.68×10~(-3)mg·(kg·bw)~(-1)·d~(-1),风险商为1.68%ADI。本市全人群居民通过韭菜、番茄、茄子等8种食用农产品摄入的腐霉利暴露量均值为8.44×10~(-5) mg·(kg·bw)~(-1)·d~(-1)。结论近3年来上海市市售韭菜中腐霉利残留检出率和超标率呈现下降趋势,食品安全监管工作取得一定成效。本市居民通过韭菜摄入腐霉利的风险商值很小,健康风险不大。     

三叉苦提取物抗氧化作用的研究

目的:研究三叉苦不同部位水提取物的抗氧化作用及其规律,为食品或药物抗氧化剂的筛选和应用提供理论依据。方法:应用化学发光法检测三叉苦的各部位水提取物对邻苯三酚 -CTMAB 体系产生的超氧阴离子自由基(O2·)、邻菲罗啉 - 抗坏血酸体系产生的羟自由基(·OH)及过氧化氢(H2O2)的清除作用。结果:三叉苦水提取物具有明显的清除超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基和过氧化氢的作用,清除率与浓度之间存在着明显的量效关系。结论:证明了三叉苦各部位的水提取物均是一种有效的抗氧化剂。     

蔗糖酯造粒技术的研究

采用压力喷雾造粒对蔗糖酯的后处理是一项难度较大的技术,这一技术的研究和试验,提出的最佳的工艺条件为:物料温度为120～130℃,喷雾压力为0.4～0.5MPa,喷嘴温度为130～135℃,喷嘴孔径为1mm,进风温度为10℃,出口温度为25～30℃,进风量为1800m3/h,产品颗粒为80目左右。     

Water relations and leaf growth rate of three Agropyron genotypes under water stress

The effects of water stress on leaf water relations and growth are reported for three perennial tussock grass genotypes under glasshouse conditions. Studies were performed in genotypes El Palmar INTA and Selección Anguil of Agropyron scabrifolium (Döell) Parodi, and El Vizcachero of A. elongatum (Host) Beauv. Agropyron scabrifolium El Palmar INTA is native to a region with warm-temperate and humid climate without a dry season, and an average annual precipitation of 900 mm. Agropyron scabrifolium Selección Anguil comes from a region with a sub-humid, dry to semiarid climate and a mean annual precipitation of 600 mm. Agropyron elongatum is a widespread forage in semiarid Argentina with well-known water stress resistance. A mild water stress treatment was imposed slowly; plants reached a minimum pre-dawn leaf water potential of about -1.83 MPa by day 21 after watering was withheld. In all genotypes, water stress led to a reduction of leaf growth. There was a tendency for a greater epicuticular wax accumulation on water-stressed plants of A. scabrifolium Selección Anguil and A. elongatum than on those of A. scabrifolium El Palmar INTA. This may have contributed to obtain greater turgor pressures and relative water contents in the first two than in the later genotype. In turn, this may have contributed to determine smaller leaf growth rate reductions in A. scabrifolium Selección Anguil and A. elongatum than in A. scabrifolium El Palmar INTA under water stress. This study demonstrated variation in water stress resistance between genotypes in A. scabrifolium, and between A. scabrifolium Selección Anguil and A. elongatum versus A. scabrifolium El Palmar INTA, which was related to their differential responses in water relations.     

钾改性Beta分子筛Brönsted酸性能对十氢萘加氢异构及加氢裂化反应的影响

为了提高十氢萘加氢转化生成桥环异构体的选择性,采用钾（K⁺）后浸渍法对Beta分子筛进行了酸性调节;采用X-射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、N₂吸附-脱附（BET）、红外光谱（Py-IR）等分析手段对改性前后的分子筛进行了表征。采用孔饱和浸渍法制备了Pt/Beta-Al₂O₃催化剂,在氢气压力4.0 MPa、温度240~300 ℃、氢/油摩尔比12.62、质量空速10.56 h^-1的条件下,以十氢萘为模型化合物进行了加氢异构化和加氢裂化反应研究。结果表明：随着K₂O负载质量分数从0.105%增加到0.403%,改性前后分子筛的结构及孔道性质未发生明显变化,分子筛BrÖnsted(B)酸酸量从209 μmol/g逐渐下降到123.9 μmol/g;十氢萘加氢转化过程遵循异构化-开环-裂化连串反应机理,随着反应温度升高,异构选择性降低,开环和裂化反应选择性升高,总转化率增大;反应温度低于280 ℃时,桥环异构产物选择性可以达到90%以上。在反应温度300 ℃的条件下,随着K⁺改性分子筛的B酸酸量降低,产物异构选择性增加,开环选择性和裂化反应选择性降低。K+通过抑制裂化反应可以明显提高桥环产物的选择性。