Critical state model for structured soil

Structure is an evident determinant for macroscopic behaviors of soils. However, this is not taken into account in most constitutive models, as structure is a rather complex issue in models. For this, it is important to develop and implement simple models that can reflect this important aspect of soil behavior. This paper tried to model structured soils based on well-established concepts, such as critical state and sub-loading. Critical state is the core of the classic Cam Clay model. The sub-loading concept implies adoption of an inner (sub-loading) yield surface, according to specific hardening rules for some internal strain-like state variables. Nakai and co-workers proposed such internal variables for controlling density (ρ) and structure (ω), using a modified stress space, called t_ij. Herein, similar variables are used in the context of the better-known invariants (p and q) of the Cam Clay model. This change requires explicit adoption of a non-associated flow rule for the sub-loading surface. This is accomplished by modifying the dilatancy ratio of the Cam Clay model, as a function of the new internal variables. These modifications are described and implemented under three-dimensional (3D) conditions. The model is then applied to simulating laboratory tests under different stress paths and the results are compared to experiments reported for different types of structured soils. The good agreements show the capacity and potential of the proposed model.     

梯级水电厂集中控制运行模式探索

介绍了清江梯级电厂从单一电厂管理向多电厂集控管理转变的情况及存在的问题,并探讨了改进办法.     

Solar radiation climate in Malawi

Recently, Diabaté et al. [Diabaté, L., Blanc, Ph., Wald, L., 2004. Solar climate in Africa. Solar Energy 76, 733–744] created a map of solar radiation climate in Africa using clearness index for 62 sites. They established a solar climate class II located in Malawi and Madagascar. However, their analysis did not include any irradiation data from a site in Malawi. In this study, the solar radiation climate of Malawi has been studied using long-term global radiation data from a local site. The mean monthly (K_tm) and seasonal (K_ts) daily clearness indices for the site were computed. It is observed that K_tm has two maxima in a year (K_tm = 0.58 in May and K_tm = 0.64 in September), in close conformity with findings of Diabaté et al. (2004). Other results are presented and discussed.     

扬州芍药

研究扬州芍药的栽培简史,明确扬州芍药的历史地位,通过对扬州芍药现状的了解,提出积极措施,努力恢复扬州芍药的园艺地位.     

生活污水用于园林绿化的实验

通过对11种在天津石化公司有代表性的绿化植物10年来应用生活污水的跟踪调查及进行的相关实验证明,直接应用生活污水浇灌绿化植物,对绿化植物生长及对环境造成的负面影响不大.根据实验结果认为,生活污水可以有条件地用于园林绿化,并应注意密切跟踪调查.     

具有海南特色的游艇比基尼服饰设计

比基尼需"在最少的布料上演绎最性感的风情"而成为较难设计的服饰之一。文中将具有海南特色游艇比基尼服饰的设计理念剥离成"比基尼"、"游艇"和"海南"三个核心元素,通过局部要素的创意实现和整体效果的有机搭配,营造出了性感、奢华、时尚、运动而又点缀些许传统的复性风格,展现了具有海南特色的游艇比基尼服饰的内涵和实质。     

Temporal dynamics and drivers of lake ecosystem metabolism using high resolution observations in a shallow,tropical, eutrophic lake (Laguna Lake,Philippines)

The physical, chemical, and biological dynamics under changing atmospheric conditions of Laguna Lake, Philippines were analyzed from intensive observations. Diel measurements were conducted for 48 continuous hours for both dry and wet tropical seasons in addition to fine resolution long-term monitoring. Results revealed significant vertical and diel variations of lake variables in spite of a shallow water depth (2.5 m) caused by the intense surface heating from solar irradiance (~800 W m^?2) and accentuated by the lake's high turbidity (16–32 ftu). Late afternoon land-lake breeze (~5–7 m s^?1) regularly breaks daytime thermal stratification, and convective cooling at night maintains isothermal condition until dawn of the next day. The stratified condition demonstrated a wind-driven, density-induced 2-layer current pattern with a windward moving epilimnion (~4 folds faster) and a compensating hypolimnetic flow in the general lake circulation direction. Laguna Lake was observed to have a dominating diel cycle but also undergoes significant seasonal limnological variations brought primarily by climate, hydrology, and its interaction with the adjacent sea. Significantly correlated variations of pH, chlorophyll-a and DO in the dry season were indicative of the higher biological activity associated with the intrusion of polluted waters from Metro Manila. The non-occurrence of thermal over-turn was observed to be regularly followed by bottom hypoxic conditions (2–4 mg L^?1), indicative of the eutrophic condition of the lake and the importance of diel wind-induced mixing in the bottom supply of DO. Laguna Lake was found to be predominantly net heterotrophic (GPP:R < 1, NEP < 0).     

一种应用于设施农业的有源RFID系统设计

设计了一种应用于设施农业的有源RFID系统。系统选用TI公司的超低功耗芯片CC430,利用分布在设施农业大棚中的各个有源RFID系统标签节点,来监控作物生长的各种环境因素。同时,设计了上层应用软件,能有效实时的将各个标签捕获的信息存储并显示,并参照一些农作物生长模型合理提醒报警。     

Experiences with Ozone Treatment Of Drinking Water in Yugoslavia

Ozone currently is being used in several drinking water treatment plants in Yugoslavia. The new Belgrade water treatment plant “Makis” is the largest one with 42 kg/h of installed ozone generating capacity and has been in operation since 1987. This paper describes the main features of ozone application in drinking water treatment. The experimental results of “Makis” pilot-plant investigations and a few examples of ozone application in Yugoslavia are presented.     

Nitrous oxide emissions from fertilized upland fields in Thailand

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission from fertilized maize fields was measured using a closed chamber at four experimental sites in Thailand. The average measured N₂O flux from unfertilized plots through crop season was 4.16 ± 1.52, 5.05 ± 1.65, 5.25 ± 1.68 and 6.74 ± 2.95 g N₂O-N m^-2 h^-1, at Nakhon Sawan, Phra Phutthabat, Khon Kaen and Chiang Mai, respectively. Increased N₂O emissions by the application of nitrogen fertilizer were 0.22–0.44, 0.19–0.38%, 0.12–0.24 and 0.08–0.15% of the applied N, respectively. Compared to other data, N₂O emission rate to applied nitrogen was not significantly different between the data of Thailand and the Temperate Zone.