Practices of Photography: Circulation and Mobility in the Nineteenth-Century Mediterranean

Recent theoretical work on the Mediterranean has emphasised the sea as an agent of ‘connectivity’ over a highly fragmented space, bringing peoples, goods, languages, and ideas into contact. Early photography in the Mediterranean manifests this connectivity and mixedness across the whole field of its practice: among photographers, sitters, printers, dealers, consumers, patrons, and even the photographs themselves. Focusing on the eastern Mediterranean, this article treats early photography in its ‘Mediterranean’ context: located within a space of multiple languages, ethnicities, and religions, of personal and commercial networks between cities and across borders, and of spatial and social circulation and exchange. Such an approach complicates the two prevailing scholarly narratives of Mediterranean photography: one based on place, nationality, or ethnicity; the other on Orientalism. Seen in this light, the early history of photography in the Mediterranean may have implications for understanding the ways in which modernisation took hold and operated in the region.     

Analyse de la stabilite des talus sous sollicitation dynamique: application a la mine de lignite d'Afsin-Elbistan (Turquie)

Résumé Le but de ce travail a été d'effectuer une analyse de la stabilité des talus de la mine d'Afsin-Elbistan (Turquie) en prenant en compte le contexte sismique de la mine par une approche pseudo-statique qui a été développée en complément de l'étude statique présentée dans un article précédent. Cette analyse s'impose dans ce cas car la mine est située dans une région sismique. Les calculs des coefficients de sécurité ont été effectués en mode pseudo-statique en utilisant les méthodes de Bishop, de Carter et de Sarma. Comme dans l'approche statique, ces résultats montrent l'influence primordiale des conditions hydrogéologiques et de la géométrie choisie pour les talus de la fosse. Ils mettent aussi clairement en évidence la variation des coefficients de sécurité entre l'approche statique et pseudo-statique. Received: 20 July 1997 · Accepted: 20 July 1998     

Ottoman and Turkish Orientalism

Since the early decades of the 19th century, Turkey has undergone successive programmes of modernisation that have closely identified reform with Westernisation and its implied European ‘success and superiority’ over Turkish culture. Here Edhem Eldem reveals both the external and internal dynamic of Turkish Orientalism, which has proved such a complex multilayered process with an enduring influence on how Turkish society and elites view themselves today. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Organizational memory formation and its use in construction

As knowledge becomes a source of competitive advantage, knowledge-management activities have become critical for success. Construction firms can effectively use their organizational memory to enhance their decision-making abilities. A framework was constructed to model the organizational memory formation process in construction companies. Based on this model, an interview study was conducted to investigate both the organizational memory formation and the role of organizational memory in strategic decision-making within the construction industry. Eight Turkish contractors were assessed. The results suggest that construction companies make use of several knowledge sources and mechanisms to acquire knowledge. Although construction companies are successful at the collection and storage of knowledge, they are weak in the exploitation of organizational memory, especially at the strategic decision-making stage. In addition, they cannot increase their organizational learning competence due to some company- and industry-specific barriers.