Elimination of organic matter present in wastewaters from the cork industry by membrane filtration

BACKGROUND: The first stage of the cork industrial process generates great volumes of wastewater with moderate to high organic pollutant content that must be purified using different procedures, such as filtration by membranes. RESULTS: The tangential filtration of these wastewaters was studied using two different laboratory equipments. In the first one, three ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were tested, with molecular weight cut‐off (MWCO) 100 kDa and 30 kDa, and two operating modes were used: total recycling of permeate and retentate streams, and in continuous mode, without recycling both streams. In the total recycling UF experiments, the influence of the operating variables on the permeate flux was first established. The effectiveness of the different membranes was determined by evaluating the rejection coefficients for several parameters that measure the global pollutant content of the effluent. The values found for these rejection coefficients were in the following order: ellagic acid and color > absorbance at 254 nm > tannic content > COD (chemical oxygen demand). In the continuous mode experiments, the fouling mechanism for each membrane was established by fitting the experimental data to various filtration fouling models given in the literature. The operating mode in the second equipment was batch concentration, and additional experiments were carried out with an UF membrane (2 kDa), and with a NF membrane (with MWCO in the range 150–300 Da). CONCLUSIONS: The three operating modes tested provided different rejection levels of organic matter; among them, the most effective procedure tested was batch concentration mode using a NF membrane. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

超滤装置自动控制系统的研制

本文介绍了一种用于纯水制备的超滤装置的自动控制系统，该系统在设备在日常操作，超滤膜的清洗等方面不仅大大减少工作强度，提高了工作效率，而且延长了超滤器件的使用寿命，取得较好的经济效益。     

环保中/高密度纤维板生产成本与性能问题 系统解决方案的研究(Ⅲ)

使用永港·伟方UF-1改性剂制备的改性脲醛胶粘剂生产E1级中纤板,胶粘剂生产成本降低10%,板材的各项力学性能均能达到国家标准,甲醛释放量达到了E1级标准,具有推广价值。     

一种低毒耐水UF胶粘剂的合成实验

介绍了一种低毒耐水UF胶粘剂(脲醛树脂胶粘剂)的合成,采用甲醛与尿素摩尔比(F/U)=1.2∶1,二次加甲醛、三次加尿素的合成工艺,并添加合适的改性剂,使得胶液的游离甲醛含量达到国家规定指标,刨花板甲醛释放量接近欧洲E1水平。并讨论了合成工艺中pH值、F/U、反应温度与时间对胶液性能的影响,确定了改性剂的适宜添加量。     

脲醛树脂胶粘剂~(13)C核磁共振分析

采用常规化学分析和13C核磁共振相结合的方法,分析研究了脲醛树脂胶粘剂性能与结构的关系。结果表明:在摩尔配比F:U=1.2:1时,粘度越高,游离尿素的含量越低,羟甲基的含量越低,游离甲醛含量降低; 树脂产品的粘度低,聚合度也低,羟甲基的含量偏高,粘接性能下降,同时游离甲醛含量上升,而适量苯酚的添加可改善树脂结构,是一种优化树脂的途径。当增大摩尔配比到F:U=1.4:1时,尿素含量下降,游离甲醛含量上升。因此,摩尔配比的选择在很大程度上影响脲醛树脂的性能。     

脲醛树脂的研究进展

综述了近年来脲醛树脂的研究进展,从低甲醛脲醛树脂的合成工艺研究、改性脲醛树脂的合成工艺研究、环保脲醛树脂的合成工艺研究等方面进行了归纳和评述,展望了脲醛树脂未来的研究方向和发展前景。     

高含水率杨木单板室温胶合的脲醛树脂胶研究

在实验室条件下 ,以传统脲醛树脂胶的生产工艺为基础 ,加用氨基取代羧酸类化合物。新配方制得脲醛树脂胶 ,用DSC分析了树脂固化反应热过程 ,对含水率在 12 % -2 0 %杨木单板进行了室温胶合研究     

Evaluation of the performance of tight-UF membranes with respect to NOM removal using effective MWCO, molecular weight, and apparent diffusivity of NOM

Concepts for the effective MWCO of tight-UF membranes, and apparent diffusion coefficients for NOM, were introduced to determine the mechanisms influencing NOM removal and to explain the various behaviors of NOM removal by UF membranes with different hydrophobicities, permeability, and surface charges. Colloidal NOM (COM) and non-colloidal hydrophobic NOM (NCD HP) constituents were chosen for the evaluation of two different UF membranes. For a relatively hydrophobic, relatively high permeability, and less negatively charged UF membrane, the hydrophobic fractions of COM were preferentially removed and were also removed by a size exclusion mechanism (i.e., both hydrophobic interaction and size exclusion mechanisms). The NCD HP exhibited no such preferential removal of the hydrophobic fractions, but could be removed by a size exclusion mechanism (i.e., only size exclusion mechanism). With a relatively hydrophilic, relatively low permeability, and more negatively charged UF membrane, COM exhibited no preferential removal of the hydrophobic fractions, but could be removed by a size exclusion mechanism (i.e., only size exclusion mechanism). Whereas the hydrophobic fractions of the NCD HP were preferentially removed, these could not be removed by a size exclusion mechanism (i.e., only hydrophobic interaction mechanism). The apparent diffusion coefficients of NOM, as determined from NOM diffusion experiments using a diffusion cell equipped with a regenerated cellulose membrane, were much lower than those calculated by the Stokes-Einstein relation. The diffusion coefficient of NOM is expected to be used to predict and explain NOM transport behaviors in tight-UF membranes.     

国内低毒脲醛树脂胶粘剂的研究进展

综述了国内低毒脲醛树脂胶粘剂的研究进展 ,着重介绍了脲醛树脂中甲醛释放量高的主要原因及控制方法。     

超滤膜法饮用水处理:示范工程(英文)

针对滦河原水的特点,天津市杨柳青水厂在中试试验的基础上建设了5 000 m~3/d的膜法饮用水示范工程,本文详细介绍了该示范工程的工艺设计特点,并对工程的运行效果和运行成本进行了阐述.工程实践表明:出水CODMn、浊度及色度等指标优于传统饮用水处理工艺,并达到<生活饮用水卫生标准>(GB5749-2006)要求.为保证系统的稳定运行,过滤运行30 min,进行60～90 s的水力反洗,每3～4个月进行一次在线化学清洗,化学清洗药剂采用0.5%NaOH+200ppm NaClO 和1% HCl,持续时间为8～10 h.采用在线浊度仪和在线颗粒计数对膜完整性进行连续监测,并定期进行压力衰减测试,确保膜组件的完整及出水水质的稳定达标.该示范工程的投产运行,为膜法饮用水处理技术的推广和应用提供了有力的技术支持与保障.