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1.
F Javier Benítez Ana I Leal Francisco J Real Juan L Acero Gloria Roldán 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2008,83(3):309-316
BACKGROUND: The first stage of the cork industrial process generates great volumes of wastewater with moderate to high organic pollutant content that must be purified using different procedures, such as filtration by membranes. RESULTS: The tangential filtration of these wastewaters was studied using two different laboratory equipments. In the first one, three ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were tested, with molecular weight cut‐off (MWCO) 100 kDa and 30 kDa, and two operating modes were used: total recycling of permeate and retentate streams, and in continuous mode, without recycling both streams. In the total recycling UF experiments, the influence of the operating variables on the permeate flux was first established. The effectiveness of the different membranes was determined by evaluating the rejection coefficients for several parameters that measure the global pollutant content of the effluent. The values found for these rejection coefficients were in the following order: ellagic acid and color > absorbance at 254 nm > tannic content > COD (chemical oxygen demand). In the continuous mode experiments, the fouling mechanism for each membrane was established by fitting the experimental data to various filtration fouling models given in the literature. The operating mode in the second equipment was batch concentration, and additional experiments were carried out with an UF membrane (2 kDa), and with a NF membrane (with MWCO in the range 150–300 Da). CONCLUSIONS: The three operating modes tested provided different rejection levels of organic matter; among them, the most effective procedure tested was batch concentration mode using a NF membrane. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
2.
超滤装置自动控制系统的研制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文介绍了一种用于纯水制备的超滤装置的自动控制系统,该系统在设备在日常操作,超滤膜的清洗等方面不仅大大减少工作强度,提高了工作效率,而且延长了超滤器件的使用寿命,取得较好的经济效益。 相似文献
3.
介绍了一种低毒耐水UF胶粘剂(脲醛树脂胶粘剂)的合成,采用甲醛与尿素摩尔比(F/U)=1.2∶1,二次加甲醛、三次加尿素的合成工艺,并添加合适的改性剂,使得胶液的游离甲醛含量达到国家规定指标,刨花板甲醛释放量接近欧洲E1水平。并讨论了合成工艺中pH值、F/U、反应温度与时间对胶液性能的影响,确定了改性剂的适宜添加量。 相似文献
4.
脲醛树脂胶粘剂~(13)C核磁共振分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用常规化学分析和13C核磁共振相结合的方法,分析研究了脲醛树脂胶粘剂性能与结构的关系。结果表明:在摩尔配比F:U=1.2:1时,粘度越高,游离尿素的含量越低,羟甲基的含量越低,游离甲醛含量降低; 树脂产品的粘度低,聚合度也低,羟甲基的含量偏高,粘接性能下降,同时游离甲醛含量上升,而适量苯酚的添加可改善树脂结构,是一种优化树脂的途径。当增大摩尔配比到F:U=1.4:1时,尿素含量下降,游离甲醛含量上升。因此,摩尔配比的选择在很大程度上影响脲醛树脂的性能。 相似文献
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Concepts for the effective MWCO of tight-UF membranes, and apparent diffusion coefficients for NOM, were introduced to determine the mechanisms influencing NOM removal and to explain the various behaviors of NOM removal by UF membranes with different hydrophobicities, permeability, and surface charges. Colloidal NOM (COM) and non-colloidal hydrophobic NOM (NCD HP) constituents were chosen for the evaluation of two different UF membranes. For a relatively hydrophobic, relatively high permeability, and less negatively charged UF membrane, the hydrophobic fractions of COM were preferentially removed and were also removed by a size exclusion mechanism (i.e., both hydrophobic interaction and size exclusion mechanisms). The NCD HP exhibited no such preferential removal of the hydrophobic fractions, but could be removed by a size exclusion mechanism (i.e., only size exclusion mechanism). With a relatively hydrophilic, relatively low permeability, and more negatively charged UF membrane, COM exhibited no preferential removal of the hydrophobic fractions, but could be removed by a size exclusion mechanism (i.e., only size exclusion mechanism). Whereas the hydrophobic fractions of the NCD HP were preferentially removed, these could not be removed by a size exclusion mechanism (i.e., only hydrophobic interaction mechanism). The apparent diffusion coefficients of NOM, as determined from NOM diffusion experiments using a diffusion cell equipped with a regenerated cellulose membrane, were much lower than those calculated by the Stokes-Einstein relation. The diffusion coefficient of NOM is expected to be used to predict and explain NOM transport behaviors in tight-UF membranes. 相似文献
8.
国内低毒脲醛树脂胶粘剂的研究进展 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
综述了国内低毒脲醛树脂胶粘剂的研究进展 ,着重介绍了脲醛树脂中甲醛释放量高的主要原因及控制方法。 相似文献
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湿法相分离不对称超滤膜形成机理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文选择了憎水的极怀非普质子性聚砜和亲水的极性质子怀聚砜酰胺两种膜材料,从铸膜液组成和凝胶过程两方面,用气相色谱和高效液相色谱研究了表征膜材料-溶剂-添加剂-水作用力的混合自由焓,平衡分配常数,及其与膜性能,不同溶剂特性粘度,雾点值和溶解度参数的关系,提出了铸膜液中有机溶剂的作用机理,及不对称超滤膜形成的一些规律。 相似文献