体检系统中尿液检查接口的设计与实现

在尿常规检查中,将检查结果自动上传到体检数据库,这不仅可以提高工作效率、服务质量还可以提升医院体检工作的信息化管理水平。在接口设计的时候,通过对传统串口数据接收方法进行分析,结合数据缓存思想,提出一种基于缓冲区的实时串口数据接收方法,同时采用多线程技术实现FA-200型尿液分析仪数据的批量接收。本设计在我校医院一年多的体检中得到了有效的验证,实现了预期的目标。     

基于MCU并行接口的尿湿监测系统

尿湿监测对残疾人、瘫痪者等患有行动不便症的病人以及医院护理工作具有重要的意义。介绍了一种基于单片机并行接口方式的病床尿湿监测系统,该系统以STC89C58RD+单片机为核心,从信号采集、存储到时钟记录、液晶显示、打印输出全部采用并行接口器件;采用循环扫描,优先报警,不处理报警的设计思路,配以蜂鸣器、指示灯等声、光器件,能够实时有效监测多达96个病床的尿湿情况,并通知护理人员进行处理。该系统对报警信号响应快速、灵敏,满足实际应用要求。     

尿液和水中的C1~-含量测定

H_2SO_4—HClO_4—H_3PO_4介质中加入标准K_2Cr_2O_7用CCL_4萃取,水相用硫酸亚铁按标准溶液滴定,可以测定氯离子含量.     

A Review.of: “Man and Motor Cars: An Ergonomic Study.” By S. Black. (Seeker and Warburg, 1966.) [Pp. 373.] 63s

This study was concerned with examining driver patterns for three different sized vehicles (small cars, family cars, trucks and buses) through an intersection controlled by a traffic signal. Observations were made morning, noon and afternoon, when there was precipitation and no precipitation. Records were also kept as to whether the drivers wore alone or with passengers and whether the drivers were males or fomales. Results were found showing that family car drivers were the most cautious and that small ear, truck and bus drivers were approximately similar to each other, being less cautious. Drivers with passengers were more cautious and did not violate the law by passing a red light as frequently as did drivers without passengers. Approximately similar driving patterns were found for males and fomales. Different driving patterns were obtained for the three-sized vehicles during morning, noon and afternoon, when there was precipitation and no precipitation.     

Urine separation as part of a real-time control strategy

Considering wastewater from household sources, urine accounts for approximately 80% of the ammonia loads but for only 1% of the hydraulic load. Where classical urine separation deals with the separation and subsequent removal of urine from the wastewater stream, the method promoted here (urine separation for waste design) aims to (1) separate urine from the wastewater stream, (2) store it at the household and (3) release it in a controlled manner into the drainage system. The ultimate goal is on the one hand to average the daily dynamics in the ammonia load to the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and on the other hand to reduce ammonia emissions towards receiving waters. All process steps from urine production, separation, harvesting and controlled release of urine have been modelled on a micro-level where all toilets in the system are balanced separately. As a case study the integrated urban drainage system of Vils/Reutte in Tyrol was used where a total of 11 different control strategies – ranging from simple to highly complex real-time control (RTC) applications – have been developed and tested. The evaluation (taking into account both aims as expressed above) showed that the simplest RTC applications are the most effective. The optimal performance achieved in the case study resulted in an ammonia reduction of 62% (load based) compared to the status quo. As such a method would require considerable systems changes, an incremental implementation of associated improvements were also tested in this work. An important outcome was that a large proportion of the final improvement is gained already with the first 25% of installed separation toilets.     

早期糖尿病肾病转化生长因子-β_1与尿白蛋白的相关性

目的探讨早期糖尿病肾病(DN)转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)与尿白蛋白的相关性。方法RT-PCR方法测定高糖刺激的系膜细胞内及2型糖尿病小鼠肾小球内TGF-β1mRNA的转录水平;ELISA方法检测DN患者尿TGF-β1和尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)的变化。结果高糖刺激的系膜细胞内与肥胖db/db小鼠肾小球内TGF-β1mRNA转录水平与对照组比较均明显增高。糖尿病各组患者尿TGF-β1含量均显著高于正常对照组,且UAER增加呈递增趋势,两者呈正相关。结论TGF-β1与早期DN的发生与发展密切相关,是反映早期糖尿病肾损害的重要因子。     

Urea hydrolysis and precipitation dynamics in a urine-collecting system

Blockages caused by inorganic precipitates are a major problem of urine-collecting systems. The trigger of precipitation is the hydrolysis of urea by bacterial urease. While the maximum amount of precipitates, i.e. the precipitation potential, can be estimated with equilibrium calculations, little is known about the dynamics of ureolysis and precipitation. To gain insight in these processes, we performed batch experiments with precipitated solids and stored urine from a urine-collecting system and later simulated the results with a computer model. We found that urease-active bacteria mainly grow in the pipes and are flushed into the collection tank. Both, bacteria and free urease, hydrolyse urea. Only few days are necessary for complete urea depletion in the collection tank. Two experiments with precipitated solids from the pipes showed that precipitation sets in soon after ureolysis has started. At the end of the experiments, 11% and 24% of urea was hydrolysed while the mass concentration of newly formed precipitates already corresponded to 87% and 97% of the precipitation potential, respectively. We could simulate ureolysis and precipitation with a computer model based on the surface dislocation approach. The simulations showed that struvite and octacalcium phosphate (OCP) are the precipitating minerals. While struvite precipitates already at low supersaturation, OCP precipitation starts not until a high level of supersaturation is reached. Since measurements and computer simulations show that hydroxyapatite (HAP) is the final calcium phosphate mineral in urine solutions, OCP is only a precursor phase which slowly transforms into HAP.     

Miniature microbial fuel cells and stacks for urine utilisation

MFCs are becoming a stronger contender in the area of alternative energy sources and show great promise in utilising a wide variety of organic sources. This paper describes the utilisation of neat undiluted urine as the main feedstock for different types of individual MFCs and stacks of small-scale MFCs, for direct electricity production, with conversion efficiencies of >50%. The smallest MFC (1.4 mL total volume) produced equal amounts of power to that produced by larger MFCs (6.25 mL), resulting in increased power densities. Power densities of 4.93 mW/m² (absolute power of 1.5 mW) were recorded when 48 small-scale MFCs were connected as a stack and fed with urine. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using urine as an untreated fuel and that improved power outputs can be achieved through MFC miniaturisation and multiplication into stacks.     

氧化蒸馏—液闪法测定尿中氚

本文介绍了尿中氚的测定方法，用过硫酸钾氧化分解有机物，蒸馏纯化尿液，蒸馏液与闪烁液混合制样，和低本底液体闪烁测量仪测定尿中氚浓度，测量时间１１ｈ，方法最低探测限为７．６Ｂｑ／Ｌ。