A bench-scale study on biodegradation and volatilization of ethylbenzoate in aquifers

Experiments were conducted to investigate the fate of ethylbenzoate and soil microorganisms in shallow aquifers. Biodegradation and volatilization have been identified as the major mechanisms in attenuating ethylbenzoate in contaminated soils. The rate of volatilization was experimentally found to be limited by gas-phase diffusion. The parameters of an available model, i.e., the maximum specific growth rate and the saturation constant, have been estimated by fitting the model to the experimental data obtained with ethylbenzoate as the carbon source; the former was 0.49 h⁻¹, and the latter was 62 mg L⁻¹. Various facets of biodegradation, including the effects of mass-transfer resistance and initial distribution of microorganisms, have been numerically analyzed on the basis of the model.     

真空蒸馏脱硒的研究

本文从理论上分析了真空蒸馏脱Se的影响因素时间和温度,并通过实验给予验证,提出了最佳条件,对工业采用真空蒸馏脱出含Se物料中的Se具有一定的指导性。     

粉尘含碳球团还原方式及气氛对其还原挥发性能的影响

在1150℃和1250℃、0．1L／min和10L／min的气量下，对通人含不同CO2量的氮气影响粉尘含碳球团还原速度的实验研究表明：以滚动方式所造球团中，氧化物的还原完全以间接还原的方式进行，气氛中非还原气体流速（或流量）的增加对粉尘含碳球团氧化铁还原速度有显著的降低作用，但还原温度提高则对气量增加造成的氧化铁还原速度降低有显著的抵消作用．气氛对球团中锌的挥发速度影响很小，对铅的挥发速度几乎不产生影响．     

Ti-22Al-25Nb合金ISM熔炼过程中的成分控制

采用X荧光光谱(XRF)分析水冷铜坩埚真空感应炉熔炼(ISM)加入和不加入稀土Y的Ti-22Al-25Nb合金铸锭成分,分析结果表明,在保证获得成分均匀的合金铸锭的情况下,Al的挥发烧损在28.94%～33.88%之间;加入at为0.5%～1%Y,Y的挥发烧损在w为17.20%～34.26%;采取提高熔化温度降低保温时间的措施可以降低Al的挥发烧损.     

高炉瓦斯灰泥铅锌铁综合利用磁化焙烧条件研究

为了确定新钢高炉瓦斯灰泥中铅锌铁回收的焙烧工艺条件,进行了磁化焙烧温度、焙烧时间、无烟煤用量和料层厚度条件试验,并在条件试验确定的参数基础上进行了组合微调优化。结果表明,在焙烧温度为1 120 ℃、焙烧时间为3.5 h、无烟煤用量为25%、料层厚度为35 mm情况下,铅、锌回收率分别超过86%和93%,磁选铁精矿铁品位超过63%、铅锌总含量不超过0.4%、铁回收率超过81%,达到了国家“863”任务书规定的各项技术指标要求。     

A kinetic model involving oxidation and volatilization in SiC-B4C-xAl2O3 ceramics system

In this paper, a new kinetic model considering both oxidation and volatilization kinetics is established and applied to analyze the oxidation of SiC-B₄C-xAl₂O₃ ceramics and other systems in various oxidation conditions. The effects of diffusion area and volume changes during the oxidation process are considered in this model. The physical meaning of each parameter in this model is explicit and simple. According to this model, the diffusion coefficient of species and the corresponding diffusion activation energy are easily available. The practicability of this model is well verified by the experimental data of SiC-B₄C-xAl₂O₃ and other systems oxidized under different conditions. In addition, the practice shows that the model is applicable not only to the systems where oxidation and volatilization coexist, but also to the system where only oxidation plays a major role. We hope the model proposed in this work can be used in other materials with more complex environments.     

Pt—Rh合金的高温挥发

研究了Pt-7Rh和Pt-Rh-Au合金的高温挥发行为.在1200～1350℃合金按抛物线-直线规律失重,且在高温下抛物线-直线失重规律的转换时间变快.在Pt-Rh合金中增加Rh含量和添加Au增大挥发率.Pt-7Rh-3Au合金的挥发激活能为167kJ/mol;Au降低Pt和Pt-7Rh合金的发挥激活能.还讨论了挥发过程的物理机制.     

Seasonal and daily variations in concentrations of methyl-tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) at Cranberry Lake,New Jersey

Methyl-tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), an additive used to oxygenate gasoline, has been detected in lakes in northwestern New Jersey. This occurrence has been attributed to the use of gasoline-powered watercraft. This paper documents and explains both seasonal and daily variations in MTBE concentrations at Cranberry Lake. During a recent boating season (late April to September 1999), concentrations of MTBE typically exceeded 20 microg/L. MTBE concentrations varied daily from 12 to 24 microg/L over a 2-week period that included the Labor Day holiday. Concentrations were highest on weekends when there is more boat traffic, which had an immediate effect on MTBE mass throughout the lake. MTBE concentrations decreased to about 2 microg/L shortly after the end of the summer recreational season. The loss of MTBE can be accounted for by volatilization, with a half-life on the order of 10 days. The volatilization rate was modeled with the daily decrease in MTBE then the modeled rate was validated using the data from the seasonal decline.     

Estimation of optimum experimental parameters in chlorination of UO2 with Cl2 gas and carbon for UCl4

For the preparation of uranium tetrachloride, the chlorination of UO₂ was carried out and an appropriate reaction system was confirmed. The effects of reaction temperature, time, injection ratio of N₂ gas and appropriate amount of carbon using a reductant on the conversion ratio and volatilization were evaluated. The optimum reaction time and temperature in chlorination of UO₂ for the preparation of UCl₄ were 2 h and 500–700°C, respectively. Also 50% of N₂ gas in chlorine gas proved to be the appropriate injection ratio.     

Composition,microstructure and electrical properties of K0.5Na0.5NbO3 ceramics fabricated by cold sintering assisted sintering

In this paper, cold sintering was served as a forming method to assist the conventional sintering, which is so-called cold sintering assisted sintering (CSAS) method. Lead-free K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃ piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by the CSAS method, and the effects of the different procedures on the sintering behaviors and electrical properties of KNN ceramics were studied. Compared with conventional sintering (CS), cold sintering process can induce potassium-rich phase on the KNN particle surface, and remarkably increase both the green and sintering density of KNN ceramics. Meanwhile, the potassium-rich phase would transform to K₄Nb₆O₁₇ second phase on the grain surface, and subsequently suppress the volatilization of potassium element. The sinterability and electrical properties were greatly improved, and KNN piezoelectric ceramics with high performance can be manufactured in a wide sintering temperature range (1055 °C–1145 °C), which proves that CSAS has the potential to be an excellent sintering technique for producing KNN based ceramics.