Community OR — Five Years of Organised Activities and Beyond

What has become known as Community Operational Research has been around in the UK for many years. The election of Jonathan Rosenhead as President of the UK OR Society in 1986–87 was the catalyst for bringing together and expanding activities which had been carried out largely by individuals working in isolation on a voluntary basis. The following five years have seen the establishment of the Community OR Unit at Northern College, the Centre for Community OR at Hull University and the Community OR Network, which supports the activities of volunteer OR workers across the UK. This paper reviews the range and types of work which have been undertaken by various practitioners. An assessment of the success of community OR is made and a number of issues which have arisen are discussed. Finally, given the diverse nature of community OR, its practice and practitioners, there is some discussion about the future of the area.     

论社区服务产业化

社区经济作为一种优化的资源配置方式，利用社区服务为载体，将社区内互不相联的各种经济成份变为利益共同体，建立一种新的经济生产方式，从而带动社区乃至更广区域的经济发展。     

Evaluating Community Safety Programmes and Community Engagement: The Role of Qualitative Methods and Collaborative Approaches to Policy Research

This article explores the role of qualitative and collaborative methods when undertaking evaluation research into local community safety partnerships and neighbourhood strategies. It draws on recent examples of research and evaluation studies of regeneration and community safety programmes in a number of cities and towns in England. The discussion is set against the background of the major changes in policy relating to crime and community safety, particularly the introduction of Crime and Disorder Partnerships and their engagement with local communities. The value of qualitative methods in exploring some key questions is discussed, particularly within a collaborative approach to policy research.     

基于迁移学习的卷积神经网络通道剪枝

卷积神经网络在计算机视觉等多个领域应用广泛,然而其模型参数量众多、计算开销庞大,导致许多边缘设备无法满足其存储与计算资源要求。针对其边缘部署困难,提出使用迁移学习策略改进基于BN层缩放因子通道剪枝方法的稀疏化过程。本文对比不同层级迁移方案对稀疏化效果与通道剪枝选取容限的影响;并基于网络结构搜索观点设计实验,探究其精度保持极限与迭代结构的收敛性。实验结果表明,对比原模型,采用迁移学习的通道剪枝算法,在精度损失不超过0.10的前提下,参数量减少89.1%,模型存储大小压缩89.3%;对比原剪枝方法,将剪枝阈值从0.85提升到0.97,进一步减少参数42.6%。实验证明,引入迁移策略更易实现充分的稀疏化,提高通道剪枝阈值选取容限,实现更高压缩率;并在迭代剪枝的网络结构搜索过程中,提供更高效的搜索起点,利于快速迭代趋近至搜索空间的一个网络结构局部最优解。     

民生视阈下提升高职院校社区服务能力的研究

服务社区是高职院校服务社会、实现自身发展的有效途径。通过对高职院校服务社区过程中存在的问题和原因分析,给出提升高职院校社区服务能力的对策及可行性建议,为今后的相关工作提供参考。     

基于SSH架构的社区卫生管理系统设计与实现

针对传统社区卫生管理系统开发的不足,基于J2EE企业级应用开发平台,整合Struts、Spring和Hibernate（SSH）开源框架技术,提出了一种多层社区卫生管理信息系统模型,实践表明,该整合框架在构建复杂业务系统中提高了开发效率和系统的可维护性,同时增强了系统的可扩展性。     

P2P环境下基于双层代理的服务发现模型

以集中式注册中心为核心的面向服务体系结构和以服务提供商为中心的服务组织模式容易导致用户发现和订阅服务的难度随着服务的增加而增加。针对上述问题,该文提出一种P2P环境下基于双层代理的语义Web服务发现模型。该模型通过双层代理机制实现基于语义的Web服务的发现和匹配,并提供服务质量协商机制。实验表明该模型具有较高的查全率和查准率。     

基于兴趣和信任评价的P2P语义社区模型

针对大规模网络中P2P信息共享面临的资源定位问题和“搭便车”现象,在考虑节点语义相似度、信任度和活跃强度的基础上,提出一种语义社区构建方法,提高P2P资源组织的结构性和定位准确性。建立基于信任评价的语义社区动态调整机制,以减少或消除“搭便车”的节点。     

Development of a fish‐based index of biotic integrity (FIBI) for monitoring riverine ecosystems in the Lake Victoria drainage Basin,Kenya

The long term monitoring of aquatic ecosystems based on chemical analysis is expensive resulting in a lack of time series data for management purposes thus necessitating the need for new cost effective methodologies. This study developed a fish‐based index of biotic integrity (FIBI) for monitoring environmental conditions in riverine ecosystems within the Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya. The fish fauna in the basin is poorly studied, less diverse and ecologically specialized than the temperate fauna that provided the origins of the Index of Biotic Integrity. Fish samples were collected by electrofishing from 24 sites during baseflow periods in February, March and July 2004. Validation data were collected from 7 sites with varying levels of degradation. Fish samples were identified, counted and grouped into different trophic groups, relative tolerance to pollution, habitat guild and whether exotic or native to riverine environment. Thirty‐three candidate metrics were evaluated for responsiveness to habitat quality and twelve were selected for inclusion in the final index. The index classified 6 of the 7 validation sites according to their levels of degradation. As a bioassessment tool, the index was useful in laying the basis for long‐term monitoring of rivers in the Lake Victoria drainage basin. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国城市社区网站建设状况及对策研究

为了解决我国城市社区网站建设中所存在的问题,如社区事务繁杂、建设资金缺乏、信息类人才短缺等,对社区与其他组织所建立起来的稳定合作关系进行探索研究,主张发掘利用大学生志愿者资源来有效解决社区资金和信息化人才短缺的问题,从而使高校为社区网站建设提供长期、稳定的智力支持和技术支持。