归化与异化--翻译策略原则的选择及其度的把握

关于“归化与异化”的问题,是翻译界争论的焦点之一。翻译策略的选择与目的语文化地位、译者的文化态度、翻译的目的、文本类型、功能、读者群等因素有直接关系。“归化”与“异化”各有其长,二者在翻译中应相辅相成、互相补充。所以,对“归化”与“异化”的运用,应把握好“度”的问题。     

归化与异化——翻译策略原则的选择及其度的把握

关于“归化与异化”的问题,是翻译界争论的焦点之一.翻译策略的选择与目的语文化地位、译者的文化态度、翻译的目的、文本类型、功能、读者群等因素有直接关系.“归化”与“异化”各有其长,二者在翻译中应相辅相成、互相补充.所以,对“归化”与“异化”的运用,应把握好“度”的问题.     

从传播学角度探讨对外宣传材料英译的原则——以北京奥运会对外宣传材料为例

本文应用传播学理论，结合北京奥运对外宣传材料，提出对外宣传翻译应遵循的两大原则，从而开拓对外宣传翻译的研究视野，有效指导翻译实践。     

Insects as food: Exploring cultural exposure and individual experience as determinants of acceptance

Edible insects have attracted much Western interest in recent years due to their nutritional and environmental advantages. Consumers, however, remain aversive towards a class of items that is not traditionally considered to be food. While the focus is often on the Western disgust, looking at consumer perceptions in a culture that considers insects to be delicious could provide new insights into the psychological and cultural mechanisms that underpin these evaluations. This cross-cultural qualitative study explores how cultural exposure and individual experience contribute towards the contrasting evaluations of insects as food by those who do and do not eat them. Eight focus groups were conducted across two cultures—four in Thailand where insects are part of the local food culture, and four in the Netherlands where insects are generally not recognised as food. Within these cultures, two groups consisted of individuals who have experience with eating insects, and two groups consisted of individuals with little or no experience with insects as food. Cultural exposure created expectations of which species were more appropriate to eat and how they should be prepared, whereas individual experiences determined whether judgements were made based on memories of past eating experiences or based on the visual properties and item associations. This study provides insights into the acceptance and rejection factors of unfamiliar food items and identifies the factors to be considered when introducing novel food items that are not yet culturally acceptable as food.     

青海玉树地震村镇建筑震害分析及减灾措施

2010年4月14日青海玉树发生7.1级地震,造成大量建筑物损坏和倒塌.对玉树地震灾区各类建筑结构的震害进行了初步分析,总结了此次地震的经验教训.针对地震灾区村镇建筑提出了建议:(1)从结构抗震的概念设计着手,合理的选择场地、结构类型和抗力构件布置;(2)"就地取材,结合传统,提高性能",研究适合当地的适宜性建筑结构抗震体系;(3)针对当地的地形地貌及地质条件、材料来源、建筑的传统性与民族性等特点,整体规划,编制适宜当地的建筑抗震设计标准图集;(4)培训施工人员,规范村镇建筑施工;(5)加强村镇学校和医院等重要性建筑的抗震性能.     

Situational appropriateness of meat products,meat substitutes and meat alternatives as perceived by Dutch consumers

The development of meat substitutes could contribute to a more sustainable food production system. Although the consumption of meat substitutes in the Netherlands has grown over the last decades, meat consumption stayed roughly the same. This led to the question of whether meat substitutes fit in the same usage situations as meat products do. Perceived situational appropriateness of meat, meat substitutes and other meat alternatives in different usage situations was studied using an item-by-use appropriateness survey. Products were presented via photographs and for each combination of product and situation, the appropriateness was rated on a 7-point scale. Personal information included the consumption of meat and meat substitutes and Food Neophobia. An exploratory survey was conducted in 2004 and an online survey in 2019.Overall, meat products were perceived as more appropriate than their vegetarian equivalents (e.g. hamburger vs. vegetarian hamburger) in almost all situations. Meat alternatives (chickpeas, nuts) scored generally higher than meat substitutes on situational appropriateness. Age and gender affected appropriateness ratings: women and younger respondents gave higher ratings to meat substitutes and meat alternatives. Food Neophobia showed a small effect. Meat substitute consumption frequency was a predictor of overall appropriateness in 2019, where it was not in 2004. Results underpin that situational appropriateness and consumer characteristics should be taken into account in new product development of meat substitutes. Furthermore, meat alternatives like chickpeas and nuts could also contribute to the reduction of meat consumption.     

Liking patterns moderate the relationship between sensory,emotional and context appropriateness profiles: Evidences from a Global Profile study on alcoholic cocktails

This study aimed to further the development and application of the Global profile approach, by (1) extending it to another product category, alcoholic cocktails; (2) investigating the relationship between sensory-emotions-context appropriateness in consumers differing for liking patterns; and (3) integrating the approach beyond product differentiation to consumer differentiation, thus improving and gaining a further insight into differences among consumers (consumer characterization). This was done taking into account consumer differences in oral responsiveness, personality traits, familiarity, explicit responses to products and implicit attitudes towards brand.Six alcoholic bitter-based cocktail samples were rated for liking, sensory properties, emotions and context appropriateness. Three clusters with different liking patterns for alcoholic cocktails were identified: ‘Fruit-bitter lovers’, ‘New-bitter lovers’ and ‘Classic-bitter lovers. Very small differences in sensory evaluation were found between the three clusters, while instead large differences were found for emotions and, to a lesser extent, for context appropriateness. Furthermore, the relationships among emotions, contexts and sensory properties were different in the three clusters.Clusters differed partly by gender, personality traits and alcohol consumption. A higher percentage of females was found in ‘Fruit-bitter lovers’; these consumers were also characterized by a higher Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) scores and a lower level of alcohol consumption. ‘New-bitter lovers’ liked cocktails with very different sensory characteristics who were associated with specific contexts of consumption. These consumers were less involved with cocktails than the other clusters. ‘Classic-bitter lovers’ cluster liked a broader variety of cocktails and also showed a more implicit positive attitude towards the bitter ingredient brand and a higher familiarity for cocktails in general. The information collected through this multidimensional approach will allow a better understanding of the differences in liking patterns among different groups of cocktail consumers and may be used to improve strategies for product innovation and consumer targeting.     

疑问句言语得体策略之语用探析——以《穆斯林的葬礼》第十四章“月落”疑问句为例

现代汉语疑问句具有自身结构的特有标记、语义的特别内涵以及语用的特殊功能。从语用学角度，深入探析《穆斯林的葬礼》“月落”篇章中疑问句的语用策略，特别是言语得体策略的独特表达效果，对深化疑问句研究及其言语实践具有重要的理论和实践意义。     

Trust that binds: The impact of collective felt trust on organizational performance.

The impact of employees' collective perceptions of being trusted by management was examined with a longitudinal study involving 88 retail stores. Drawing on the appropriateness framework (March, 1994; Weber, Kopelman, & Messick, 2004), the authors develop and test a model showing that when employees in an organization perceive they are trusted by management, increases in the presence of responsibility norms, as well as in the sales performance and customer service performance of the organization, are observed. Moreover, the relationship between perceptions of being trusted and sales performance is fully mediated by responsibility norms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Tourists’ perceptions of robots in passenger transport

In this article, the authors investigate the way that the public views automation technologies and their usage in tourist transportation based on data from a large-scale international survey. The authors explore the use of robots for the provision of information with regards to travel, the use of autonomous vehicles, and other robot-delivered transport-related tasks. The findings indicate that the perceived reliability, safety, and usefulness of the use of robots for transport play a major role in impacting perceptions of the appropriateness of using robots for different purposes. The findings also indicate that no demographic characteristics, apart from gender, seem to play any role in conditioning perceptions of the appropriateness of using robots in the field of transportation.