In situ efficiency of filters in residential central HVAC systems

High-efficiency filtration in residential forced-air heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems protects equipment and can reduce exposure to particulate matter. Laboratory tests provide a measure of the nominal efficiency, but they may not accurately reflect the in situ efficiency of the filters because of variations in system conditions and changes in filter performance over time. The primary focus of this paper is to evaluate the effective filtration efficiency, which is inclusive of any loading and system impacts, in 21 occupied residential homes through in-duct concentration measurements. We considered the role of filter media by testing both electret and non-electret media, as well as the role of loading by considering new and used filters. The results show that filters with higher nominal efficiency generally had higher effective filtration efficiency in the same home. In terms of performance change, there is no significant difference in efficiency between initial and 3-month non-electret filters, but the efficiency of electret filters generally decreased over time. However, both nominal efficiency and performance change were vastly overshadowed by the wide variety in loading and system conditions across homes, making it hard to predict filter efficiency in a given home without in situ measurements.     

内置旁路型软起动器的替代性

本文根据软起动器的发展趋势，就目前市场上应用的三种类型的软起动器进行分析，说明各自的优缺点，同时给出结论，内置旁路型淘汰其它类型的软起动器的必要性。     

基于电量时序特征的旁路代自动识别和代入算法

介绍了一种基于时序特征的电能量计量计费系统（TMR）的旁路代自动识别和代入算法。首先分析了现有TMR中的旁路代处理方式，指出这些处理方式的缺陷;然后通过分析TMR旁路代发生前后电量的时序特征，提出了一种基于电量时序特征的自动旁路代算法，此算法能在旁路代事件开始时即做出正确判断，并在适当的延时后开始完成旁路电量的自动代入。该算法在江苏省电力公司TMR中获得了很好的实验效果。     

M701F型联合循环机组的汽轮机旁路控制系统分析

通过分析M701F型燃气-蒸汽联合循环电厂的汽轮机旁路控制系统的功能、运行工况,给出适合联合循环机组汽轮机旁路系统的控制逻辑和动作行为,实现了在机组运行不同阶段进行自动控制的模式,并给出定值形成、参数整定、保护和闭锁逻辑的设计,使旁路控制系统能够实现机组运行和启、停机时的安全稳定,使运行人员更好地掌握机组运行中的旁路系统动态特性,并给事故分析提供重要的理论及实践依据。     

电厂烟气脱硫系统旁路挡板控制策略的探讨

烟气脱硫旁路挡板门作为FGD装置和锅炉主机组之间直接联系的关键设备,其控制方案的正确、适当与否,直接关系着锅炉主机组的可靠稳定运行和FGD装置的设备安全,同时对烟气脱硫的效率也有很大的影响。本文介绍了靖海电厂1#、2#机组600MW超临界机组烟气脱硫系统旁路挡板控制策略,并根据其在运行中的实际情况,进行了进一步的分析与探讨。     

基于重用信息的非易失性缓存动态旁路策略

非易失性存储器具有能耗低、可扩展性强和存储密度大等优势,可替代传统静态随机存取存储器作为片上缓存,但其写操作的能耗及延迟较高,在大规模应用前需优化写性能。提出一种基于缓存块重用信息的动态旁路策略,用于优化非易失性存储器的缓存性能。分析测试程序访问最后一级缓存（LLC）时的重用特征,根据缓存块的重用信息动态预测相应的写操作是否绕过非易失性缓存,利用预测表进行旁路操作完成LLC缺失时的填充,同时采用动态路径选择进行上级缓存写回操作,通过监控模块为旁路的缓存块选择合适的上级缓存,并将重用计数较高的缓存块填充其中以减少LLC写操作次数。实验结果表明,与未采用旁路策略的缓存设计相比,该策略使4核处理器中所有SPLASH-2程序的运行时间平均减少6.6%,缓存能耗平均降低22.5%,有效提高了整体缓存性能。     

液压系统进、旁油路联合调速回路分析

在定量液压泵供油的系统中给出进、旁油路联合调速的回路,通过对2种进、旁油路联合调速的定量分析,推导出理论计算依据,得出这2种进、旁油路联合调速的调速特点。     

SNELM: SqueezeNet-Guided ELM for COVID-19 Recognition

(Aim) The COVID-19 has caused 6.26 million deaths and 522.06 million confirmed cases till 17/May/2022. Chest computed tomography is a precise way to help clinicians diagnose COVID-19 patients. (Method) Two datasets are chosen for this study. The multiple-way data augmentation, including speckle noise, random translation, scaling, salt-and-pepper noise, vertical shear, Gamma correction, rotation, Gaussian noise, and horizontal shear, is harnessed to increase the size of the training set. Then, the SqueezeNet (SN) with complex bypass is used to generate SN features. Finally, the extreme learning machine (ELM) is used to serve as the classifier due to its simplicity of usage, quick learning speed, and great generalization performances. The number of hidden neurons in ELM is set to 2000. Ten runs of 10-fold cross-validation are implemented to generate impartial results. (Result) For the 296-image dataset, our SNELM model attains a sensitivity of 96.35 ± 1.50%, a specificity of 96.08 ± 1.05%, a precision of 96.10 ± 1.00%, and an accuracy of 96.22 ± 0.94%. For the 640-image dataset, the SNELM attains a sensitivity of 96.00 ± 1.25%, a specificity of 96.28 ± 1.16%, a precision of 96.28 ± 1.13%, and an accuracy of 96.14 ± 0.96%. (Conclusion) The proposed SNELM model is successful in diagnosing COVID-19. The performances of our model are higher than seven state-of-the-art COVID-19 recognition models.     

高低压旁路改造技术在热电联产机组灵活性改造中的应用实践

为主动适应促进清洁能源消纳政策,提高机组供热期深度调峰能力和供热能力,某区域电网对某公司热电联产机组开展了高低压旁路技术改造。旁路技术改造的应用,彻底解决了该公司机组“以热定电”传统运行方式造成的供暖期调峰能力不足的难题,保证了机组全采暖期、全时域参与电网深度调峰,提高了调峰辅助服务补偿收益。     

脱硫废水旋转喷雾蒸发与旁路烟道蒸发特性研究

针对旋转喷雾和旁路烟道两类高温旁路烟气蒸发技术工艺,开展脱硫废水蒸发特性对比实验,结合可视化荧光示踪法及单液滴蒸发试验研究了废水雾滴在高温烟气中的蒸发过程,分析了烟气温度及烟气停留时间对蒸发性能的影响,并比较了两类废水蒸发工艺的差异。结果表明：脱硫废水液滴接触热烟气后将迅速失去表面自由水分,表面成壳固化为半干颗粒;旋转喷雾蒸发塔内主蒸发区域温度迅速降低,提高烟气温度有助于提升蒸发效率,降低出口灰分含水率;通过适当增大干燥塔尺寸,延长高温烟气在干燥塔内停留时间,可提升热量利用率,实现低气液比条件下的蒸发干燥;两类旁路蒸发工艺相比,旋转喷雾蒸发因雾化效果较好、气液混合均匀,蒸发性能略优于旁路烟道工艺。