Essential (Mg,Fe, Zn and Cu) and Non-Essential (Cd and Pb) Elements in Predatory Insects (Vespa crabro and Vespa velutina): A Molecular Perspective

The recent introduction of the Asian yellow-legged hornet, Vespa velutina, into Europe has raised concern regarding the threat to honeybees and the competition with the European hornet, Vespa crabro. The aim of this study was to investigated essential (Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu) and non-essential (Cd and Pb) elements in these two species. Element concentrations were determined in the whole body and separately in the head, thorax and abdomen using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The changes in essential element concentration and speciation during metamorphosis were also studied using size exclusion chromatography followed by AAS and proteomic analysis. In both species, the essential elements were more concentrated in the abdomen due to the presence of fat bodies. Magnesium, Fe and Zn concentrations were significantly higher in V. crabro than in V. velutina and could have been related to the higher aerobic energy demand of the former species required to sustain foraging flight. Low concentrations of Cd and Pb were indicative of low environmental exposure. The concentration and speciation of essential elements, particularly Fe, varied among the developmental stages, indicating a modification of ligand preferences during metamorphosis. Overall, the results in the present study provide a better understanding of the hornet metal metabolism and a foundation for additional studies.     

Single and matrix HgCdTe photovoltaic detectors

The recent researches and technological developments of middle and long wavelength infrared HgCdTe photovoltaic detectors are presented. Structure, topology, design and performance of HgCdTe photodiodes, silicon readout electronics, Focal Plane Arrays both staring and time delay and integration types, thermal imagers are discussed. Negative differential conductance, bistability and high frequency oscillations under background infrared radiation in HgCdTe photodiodes are reported.     

Sensitometric characteristics of an all‐solid‐state photoelectrochromic pixel for an electrochromic light‐addressable display

Abstract— An all solid‐state photoelectrochromic element (PECE) was developed on the basis of electrochromic layers of WO₃ and polyaniline with a layer of polymer electrolyte placed on a base of polyamidosulfoacid, in which a thin‐film CdS_xSe_1?x photoresistor was used as an electronic key. The dependence of the sensitometric characteristics of the PECE on the applied voltage was studied.     

钛合金的银脆,镉脆敏感性及其控制

利用慢应变速率拉伸技术（ＳＳＲＴ），并结合恒载实验，较全面地研究了Ｔｉ－６Ａｌ－４Ｖ合金的银脆行为、固态与液态镉脆行为，确定了应变速率、接触条件、热处理制度、试样取向、温度等因素对Ｔｉ－６Ａｌ－４Ｖ合金银脆与镉脆敏感性的影响，探讨了Ｎｉ阻挡层对控制Ｔｉ－６Ａｌ－４Ｖ合金和ＴＣ１１合金银脆开裂的作用。     

变温长波碲镉汞光电导现象研究

报道了ｎ型Ｈｇ０．８Ｃｌ０．２Ｔｅ光电导体的变温材料参数与性能参数的对照关系，并讨论了材料的锭条参数与小芯片霍耳参数的差异，得到一组光电导的实验优化数据，实测小芯片载流子浓度ｎ≈１．８×１０＾１５ｃｍ＾－３，这与高性能器件实测值的倒推数值一致，这被解释为长江红外高背景辐射的结果。     

氦－镉激光器的失效机制

本文报道国产氦－镉激光器常出现的导致失效的一些现象，并阐明其机制。同时给出一些改进意见及修理方法。     

不同浊度下的泥沙对水体镉、铅、砷去除的影响分析

针对流域突发性重金属污染,不同浊度下的泥沙对重金属有一定的去除效果。以浊度为指示指标,通过试验研究了常温(25 ℃)和低温(5 ℃)条件下浊度50～650 NTU(Nephelometric Turbidity Unit)范围内泥沙对重金属镉、铅、砷吸附去除的影响。试验结果表明:泥沙对重金属镉、铅、砷的去除效果为铅＞镉＞砷,其中铅的去除率达到99%。浊度与能处理达标的最高重金属浓度呈线性关系,常温下浊度与能处理达标的最高镉、铅、砷浓度关系曲线的相关系数分别为0.996、0.998、0.999,低温下其相关系数分别为0.999、0.996、0.998。常温较低温更利于泥沙对重金属镉、铅、砷的去除,能去除更高浓度的重金属,达到生活饮用水卫生标准。     

Effects of added Cd on Cd uptake by oilseed rape and pai-tsai co-cropping

The experiment was designed to study whether the decrease of Cd in the rhizosphere of Zhongyouza Ⅰ,one breed of oilseed rapes （Brassicajunica） that can hyperaccumulate cadmium from the soil, can improve the living condition of less Cd-tolerant plant pai-tsai （Brassia chinensis） with their roots permitted to intermingle and develop coincident rhizosphere. The extent of rhizosphere interactions between Zhongyouza Ⅰ and pai-tsai was controlled by different root barriers, or without barrier. The results show that in the 10 and 20 mg/kg Cd treated soils, pai-tsai gets higher shoot mass and less Cd accumulation in its shoot than in the barrier treatments or in the mono cultures, when its roots are permitted to intermingle with those of Zhongyouza Ⅰ. Meanwhile, soil decontamination rates of Zhongyouza Ⅰ are not affected much by co-cropping with pai-tsai, they are 80.0% and 91.8% of that in the mono cultures of Zhongyouza Ⅰ, respectively. However, the co-cropping method in meliorating the living condition of pai-tsai is not obvious when Cd concentration in soil reaches 40 mg/kg, and soil decontamination rate decreases to 0.14, which is 58.3% of that in the mono culture. These results indicate that the oilseed rape Zhongyouza Ⅰ may alleviate Cd toxicity of surrounding less-tolerant species, and its ability of phytoremediation is not affected much at the same time, especially in the middle polluted soil.     

从铜镉渣中回收镉的试验研究

本文介绍了从铜镉渣中回收镉的试验研究情况，采用酸浸-铜镉渣中和-锌粉除铜法处理铜镉渣，工艺简单合理，镉直收率高，有一定的推广价值。     

The Effect of Cadmium on GFR Is Clarified by Normalization of Excretion Rates to Creatinine Clearance

Erroneous conclusions may result from normalization of urine cadmium and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase concentrations ([Cd]_u and [NAG]_u) to the urine creatinine concentration ([cr]_u). In theory, the sources of these errors are nullified by normalization of excretion rates (E_Cd and E_NAG) to creatinine clearance (C_cr). We hypothesized that this alternate approach would clarify the contribution of Cd-induced tubular injury to nephron loss. We studied 931 Thai subjects with a wide range of environmental Cd exposure. For x = Cd or NAG, E_x/E_cr and E_x/C_cr were calculated as [x]_u/[cr]_u and [x]_u[cr]_p/[cr]_u, respectively. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated according to the Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Epidemiology Collaboration (eGFR), and CKD was defined as eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73m². In multivariable logistic regression analyses, prevalence odds ratios (PORs) for CKD were higher for log(E_Cd/C_cr) and log(E_NAG/C_cr) than for log(E_Cd/E_cr) and log(E_NAG/E_cr). Doubling of E_Cd/C_cr and E_NAG/C_cr increased POR by 132% and 168%; doubling of E_Cd/E_cr and E_NAG/E_cr increased POR by 64% and 54%. As log(E_Cd/C_cr) rose, associations of eGFR with log(E_Cd/C_cr) and log(E_NAG/C_cr) became stronger, while associations of eGFR with log(E_Cd/E_cr) and log(E_NAG/E_cr) became insignificant. In univariate regressions of eGFR on each of these logarithmic variables, R² was consistently higher with normalization to C_cr. Our tabular and graphic analyses uniformly indicate that normalization to C_cr clarified relationships of E_Cd and E_NAG to eGFR.