浅谈不同时期南非政府办公建筑的发展特征

南非的社会发展经历了殖民主义统治时期，种族主义统治时期和民主政府统治时期3个历史阶段。社会体制的变化深深影响了南非建筑的发展。尤其体现在政府办公建筑的形式上，本文按照历史发展的顺序，通过列举实例的方式，分别对这3个时期政府办公建筑的风格与布局牲进行了的探讨。     

The Dysfunctional Leica

Abstract

Winding up the estate of somebody is a sad task, only sustained by the hope of unexpected finds or definitive proof of one's preconceived opinions. There is no difference in this between one's own grandmother and a contemporary like Lucia Moholy. While executing this task I naturally came across various documents that shifted my vague assumptions about this versatile woman in different directions. I saw photographs from her private life that enlightened me about her social relations but, in the end, I was disappointed at not havlng been able to get closer to a person I thought I knew quite well, even if from a certain distance.¹     

电影《卢旺达饭店》中的后殖民主义文化探微

电影《卢旺达饭店》反映的是1994年发生在卢旺达的惨无人道的种族大屠杀,比利时殖民者将卢旺达分为两个部族:胡图族和图西族,并规定图西族管理整个卢旺达。殖民者的这一"后殖民"的恶劣行径加剧了卢旺达的种族争端。在民族问题日益严峻的今天,重新解读电影《卢旺达饭店》,分析造成种族争端的原因,能够为多民族国家解决内部矛盾提供可借鉴经验。     

香港城市化初期的城市规划历史研究(1841-1904年)

香港由一个渔港村落快速演变为国际大都市而受到世界瞩目,是典型的近代新兴殖民城市。从城市规划史学的角度出发,选取1841-1904年之间的香港近代城市的形成及其城市规划为研究对象,探讨了香港近代早期城市发展的动因及其城市规划的历史分期和特点,剖析了该时期内城市规划理论的发展、城市建设活动的内容、规划管理机构的演变,进一步补充完善了香港近代城市史学研究,并为中国内地城市的城镇化进程提供宝贵的历史经验。     

Colonial Irrigation: Myths of Emptiness

Colonial efforts to develop irrigation in African colonies aimed to improve the colonies' productive capacity. The resulting systems, including Gezira (British Sudan), Office du Niger (French Sudan) and the French systems in Northern Africa, have many characteristics of an imposed factory-based production regime. A factory resemblance is reflected in the mathematical layout of the systems when possible: canals are straight and plots are square. This approach coincides with the general European opinion that Africa had no history; Africa (with the exception of Egypt) was perceived as an empty continent. In the African colonies, economic opportunities were obviously an important element of the discourse. It was ideologies of creating new social and geographical landscapes, however, bringing order in the wildness by filling the empty African landscape with modern irrigation facilities, that were dominating the colonial irrigation discourses and practices in African colonies.     

日帝强占时期首尔的都市公园探析

位于朝鲜半岛中心的首尔是依照风水理论予以选址,并根据儒教理念进行都市空间规划的,至1897年大韩帝国建立之前没有很大改变。但开港以后,随着帝国主义及殖民主义对朝鲜半岛的影响,首尔发生了剧烈的变化,原有的空间秩序得以重新构筑首尔属于盆地地形,其近郊有丰富的山麓及溪谷,这些地方为市民提供了良好的游乐条件。因而西方近代都市的公园并不是必须具备的。随着1876年的开港,有关公园的情报及用语传入以后,诞生了近代公园,游览公园成为了都市人日常生活的一部分。特别是1920～1930年代首尔的都市公园,充分地实现了其功效。以清溪川为界,南村是以本町为中心的日本人的生活舞台,北村的钟路则是朝鲜人的街道。南山公园是位于南村居住地的日本人经常光顾的近邻公园,而塔洞公园则发挥了在钟路中心吸引众多民众的都心公园功能,其内涵却包含了殖民统治的优越性及为了合理化而精心实施的战略。     

Pro Pelle Cutem: Photographing Furs for the Hudson’s Bay Company’s 250th Anniversary Celebrations in Canada

In 1920, the Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC) celebrated its 250^th anniversary through national and international events, as well as honours and benefits for its employees. The year 1920 was an important moment for the HBC, as it underwent institutional change to support the expansion of its department store operations through public relations and advertising strategies. Central to these strategies was an emphasis on the HBC’s central role in Canadian nation formation, and in particular its fur trade history. This article discusses the use of photography in the HBC’s 250^th anniversary celebrations through an analysis of photographs of fur. I trace photographic representations of fur through three moments: in the process of extraction (as trapped animal or dead pelt); in the process of preparation (as Indigenous bush labour); and in the process of consumption (as fur goods in a department store window). While the fur trade was declining in significance at the time of the 250^th anniversary celebrations, its symbolic status was essential to the Company’s burgeoning retail operations. In this article, I argue that the photograph of fur replaced the fur pelt as the central trade item of the HBC, and, further, that photography fused together nationalist and capitalist expansion in Canada.     

Groet uit Java: Picture Postcards and the Transnational Making of the Colony around 1900

This article explores the transnational visual language of picture postcards and the international business networks responsible for producing and disseminating the image of Dutch colonialism around 1900. Following a microhistorical approach, I consider the multilayered representation and transnational production of one particular postcard sent from colonial Indonesia to the Netherlands in 1900. The postcard established, visualised, and catalysed colonialism through its use of a European visual language. Colonialist meaning was attached to the image in Germany and was reinforced through the process of the postcard’s delivery from colony to metropolis. This article moves beyond a nation-based framework and instead analyses the meanings of colonial imagery in transnational contexts.     

中国卡通本土化初探

现代文化的全球化进程日益显现出来。以日、韩卡通文化为代表的西方文化,多年来在中国大 行其道,上演了一幕卡通文化的殖民时代。处在西方卡通文化重压下的中国卡通创作群体,经过近十年的探 索,逐渐开始了中国民族化、本土化商业卡通的艰难历程。     

Inter‐African cooperation in the social sciences in the era of decolonization: A case of science diplomacy

This article addresses the inter‐imperial collaboration in the social sciences promoted by the Commission for Technical Cooperation in Africa South of Sahara (CCTA) and its advisory board, the Scientific Council for Africa South of the Sahara (CSA), at the intersection of diplomatic history and the history of science during late colonialism. It is our purpose to re‐evaluate how the common aim of reinvigorating and re‐legitimating empire in the era of decolonization forged relations between social scientists, colonial officials, and diplomats, and to provide new insights into the ways social science influenced and was influenced by foreign policy in this specific context. Drawing on primary printed sources from the CCTA/CSA and the UNESCO, and on archival sources from the Portuguese Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Board of Overseas Research in the Ministry of Overseas, we argue that it is important to include other international institutions and initiatives—beyond UNESCO—in the account of the surge of social sciences in the post‐war international system. Our case, focusing on the social sciences and the CCTA/CSA, also reveals the political and diplomatic uses of scientific knowledge in the era of decolonization, and the contentious nature of science diplomacy beyond previous straightforward definitions.