Trade-offs for conflicting social objectives in the extraction of finite energy resources

Three social objectives figure prominently in the extraction of finite energy resources, namely income maximization, environmental quality, and inter-generational concern. Owing to lack of complementarity, the pursuit of these objectives often results in conflicts. As a result, extraction strategies should be based on the determination of trade-offs between the objectives. The paper deals with the formulation and illustration of a systems model to determine these trade-offs. The recognition of such trade-offs results in a greater conservation of the finite energy resource, and hence could act as an incentive for the development of alternative energy sources.     

面向方面电信系统开发框架的设计与实现

基于.Net Framework和AOP技术提出了电信系统建设的“5＋1”关注点视图,试图解决电信业务开发难度大、周期长的问题。根据“5＋1”关注点视图提出了针对电信业务、基于服务实现的面向方面软件体系结构。基于该软件体系结构开发框架设计及其支持下的软件开发过程可以缩短软件开发周期,改善软件一致性和可维护性,使软件具有更好的演化能力。     

整合营销传播理论与新广告主义革命

整合营销传播（IMC）理论在广告业界的导入并未完成中国广告传播理念的根本性转移。中国广告尚期待一场深层意义上的实践性变革,即实现从集＂销售主义＂大成的＂整合营销传播（IMC）＂到＂人文关怀与社会关怀＂相融汇的新广告范式建构,亦即本文所论及的＂新广告主义革命＂,以此完成广告传播的观念重建,最终实现从以物为本到以人为本的根本性变革。     

Blending science and public policies for remediation of a degraded ecosystem: Jackfish Bay, north shore of Lake Superior, Ontario, Canada

The Jackfish Bay Remedial Action Plan is the first of Lake Superior's Areas of Concern (AOCs) to consider recognition as an Area in Recovery (AiR). As a result of a high degree of complexity and uncertainty, ecosystem recovery in Jackfish Bay has been determined using a combination of regulatory policies and scientific evidence and extensive public and expert-based decision making. As a result, the conceptualization of the AiR status in Jackfish Bay has been developed with the adaptive management and the ecosystem approach, which provide the basic principles of assessing, monitoring, and managing the Area of Concern. To determine the status of beneficial use impairments caused by effluent from the Terrace Bay Pulp Inc., three public advisory committees—an academic panel of experts, a government technical review committee, and the Jackfish Bay Public Area in Recovery Review Committee (PARRC)—reviewed relevant scientific data and documents, including peer-reviewed publications, to assess changes in pollution levels in Jackfish Bay and improvements to aquatic, biotic, and benthic environments of the bay. The public decision-making process concluded with recommendations by the PARRC to develop a systematic monitoring program so that the ecosystem recovery process in the bay could be assessed on a continued basis, leading to its eventual delisting as an AOC. The entire process provides an example of blending science and public policies for remediation of a degraded ecosystem on the Great Lakes.     

PHP语言中的面向方面编程实现

面向方面编程（AOP）技术能够有效提高软件系统的可维护性、复用性和可扩展性,PHP语言是当前最流行的脚本语言之一。分析了主流语言平台下的AOP实现策略,提出了基于PHP语言的AOP实现目标和实现原理,还描述了应用AOP技术的软件系统结构和核心文件,并设计了相应的AOP支持类。最后通过实例演示该AOP技术的用法,程序结果表明该AOP实现是有效的。     

AOP技术及其在J2EE中的动态代理实现

随着软件技术的发展及需求的增加,00P逐渐表现出其不足之处,AOP在继承CXDP基础之上很好地解决了OOP所面临的困难。针对OOP编程思想的一种补充,AOP编程思想通过分离出与系统核心业务实现无关的模块,减少模块问的耦合度从而提高开发效率。AOP使得需要编写的代码量大大缩减,节省了时间,控制了开发成本。为使用AOP技术解决在软件开发中OOP难以解决的问题以及提高开发效率,利用JAVA的反射机制,研究了AOP的动态代理实现原理,说明了其可行性,体现了AOP技术应用价值和发展前景。     

考虑公平关切的双渠道供应链平台合作决策

为探讨制造商与转销型以及与代销型平台的合作问题,应用制造商主导下的Stackelberg博弈模型针对零售商具有横向、纵向和双向3种公平关切情况的供应链进行决策分析。以算例形式比较不同公平关切系数对供应链成员定价及利润的影响情况,进一步讨论制造商的平台选择策略。研究表明,零售商公平关切倾向并不总是有利于提高自身的利润;从绝对利润来看,横向公平关切越大,对于与转销型平台合作的制造商更有利;纵向公平关切越大,制造商与代运营型平台合作更有利。从相对利润来看,高横向−低纵向公平关切下,制造商倾向于与转销型平台合作;低横向−高纵向公平关切下,制造商倾向于与代销型平台合作。     

基于编档的体系结构视图冲突检测方法

软件体系结构由不同的视图组成,每个视图包含不同的体系结构关注点.在软件工程领域中,如何对这些视图进行比对和合并是一项非常重要的研究工作.然而,目前视图比对的主要研究都着眼于视图元素之间的比对,因而并不能有效地发现视图之间的隐含冲突.主要原因是由于不同视图背后隐含着不同的关注点,而关注点之间的冲突并不能显式地在视图中表现出来,因此仅作视图元素比对不能发现这种隐含冲突.针对该问题,提出了一种基于编档的体系结构视图隐含冲突检测方法.在该方法中,通过对设计方法进行建模来捕获体系结构关注点和视图之间的关联关系;以软件体系结构文档作为通用平台,通过4个连续的活动来检测关注点之间的隐含关系;为了支持方法的自动化,就其中出现的关系给出了一套数学定义.     

与人文教育相结合的艺术设计教育

自进入21世纪以来,人文教育就越来越受到重视,尤其在某高校研究生虐熊事件后,人文教育开始被真正的提到高校教育改革议程上来,然而单单靠在高校增加一门课程是远远不够的,我们所要做的应该是让学生自发的形成正确的人生观和世界观。艺术设计专业有着不同于其它文理科的独特性,它是与人类生活密切相关的,这就使其享有了得天独厚的优势,所以人文教育完全可以融入到艺术设计教育的教学过程中来。这种融入并不是简单的穿插或被动的塞挤,而是全方位周全考虑的一种课后的主动思考与领悟。     

Assessment of fish mercury levels in the upper St. Lawrence River,Canada

The stretch of the St. Lawrence River near Cornwall, Ontario, Canada, between the Moses–Saunders power dam to the eastern outlet of Lake St. Francis in Québec, is currently listed as an Area of Concern (AOC), and has restrictive fish consumption advisories in place, largely due to high mercury levels. This study examined long-term temporal trends of mercury concentrations in northern pike, smallmouth bass, walleye and yellow perch from the St. Lawrence River, including the Cornwall AOC. In addition, differences in fish mercury concentrations among river sections were compared for each species using historical (1975–1979) and recent (2000–2011) data. Statistically significant declines in mercury concentrations were observed in all river sections for yellow perch (~ 40%), as well as in northern pike and walleye in at least one river section. For the river section encompassing the AOC, recent mercury concentrations are 33–59% lower than historical mercury concentrations for all four species. Further, a comparison of recent mercury concentrations between the AOC river section and other Ontario lakes/rivers suggests that AOC mercury values are within the 75th percentile of values for other Ontario water bodies in three of the four species considered. However, current fish mercury values for the AOC river section remain higher than one or more upstream river sections. These results indicate that recovery is still ongoing in this AOC.