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1.
《Journal of dairy science》2022,105(3):2408-2425
Reggiana and Modenese are autochthonous cattle breeds, reared in the North of Italy, that can be mainly distinguished for their standard coat color (Reggiana is red, whereas Modenese is white with some pale gray shades). Almost all milk produced by these breeds is transformed into 2 mono-breed branded Parmigiano-Reggiano cheeses, from which farmers receive the economic incomes needed for the sustainable conservation of these animal genetic resources. After the setting up of their herd books in 1960s, these breeds experienced a strong reduction in the population size that was subsequently reverted starting in the 1990s (Reggiana) or more recently (Modenese) reaching at present a total of about 2,800 and 500 registered cows, respectively. Due to the small population size of these breeds, inbreeding is a very important cause of concern for their conservation programs. Inbreeding is traditionally estimated using pedigree data, which are summarized in an inbreeding coefficient calculated at the individual level (FPED). However, incompleteness of pedigree information and registration errors can affect the effectiveness of conservation strategies. High-throughput SNP genotyping platforms allow investigation of inbreeding using genome information that can overcome the limits of pedigree data. Several approaches have been proposed to estimate genomic inbreeding, with the use of runs of homozygosity (ROH) considered to be the more appropriate. In this study, several pedigree and genomic inbreeding parameters, calculated using the whole herd book populations or considering genotyping information (GeneSeek GGP Bovine 150K) from 1,684 Reggiana cattle and 323 Modenese cattle, were compared. Average inbreeding values per year were used to calculate effective population size. Reggiana breed had generally lower genomic inbreeding values than Modenese breed. The low correlation between pedigree-based and genomic-based parameters (ranging from 0.187 to 0.195 and 0.319 to 0.323 in the Reggiana and Modenese breeds, respectively) reflected the common problems of local populations in which pedigree records are not complete. The high proportion of short ROH over the total number of ROH indicates no major recent inbreeding events in both breeds. ROH islands spread over the genome of the 2 breeds (15 in Reggiana and 14 in Modenese) identified several signatures of selection. Some of these included genes affecting milk production traits, stature, body conformation traits (with a main ROH island in both breeds on BTA6 containing the ABCG2, NCAPG, and LCORL genes) and coat color (on BTA13 in Modenese containing the ASIP gene). In conclusion, this work provides an extensive comparative analysis of pedigree and genomic inbreeding parameters and relevant genomic information that will be useful in the conservation strategies of these 2 iconic local cattle breeds. 相似文献
2.
铝灰渣是铝熔铸过程中产生的废弃物。本文主要介绍了酒钢东兴铝业嘉峪关分公司铝灰渣的产生量、排放、利用情况、化学成分及表面特征,并简要介绍了铝灰渣、铝灰的循环利用途径。 相似文献
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抽油机井系统效率简析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
油田生产中广泛使用抽油机采油,机械采油的系统效率主要有地面效率与井下效率。在实际生产中,地面效率容易检测、计算和调整,井下效率则取决于产液量、动液面、泵效以及管柱的状况。文章仅对抽油机井系统效率进行简单分析与计算,旨在为优化设计抽油机运行参数提供参考。 相似文献
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流域泥沙的资源化及其实现途径 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12
本文以自然资源的概念和属性为基础,研究了流域泥沙的离散性、吸附性、可搬运性等属性,以及水沙不可分性、水沙不协调性、水沙时空分布不均匀性、水沙产生异源等特征。认为流域泥沙具有自然资源的有效性、可控性和稀缺性等属性,指出流域泥沙具有资源性,是一种特殊的自然资源。当流域泥沙在满足技术和社会等一定条件下,是可以资源化的。提出了实现流域泥沙资源化的目标和途径,其途径主要包括填海造陆、改良土壤和引洪淤灌、淤临淤背和作为建筑材料等。 相似文献
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This paper presents a new computerized procedure for dealing with the design of horizontal ground heat exchangers (HGHE). The computer program is based on the transient model of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations governing heat and mass flow in soils. The model is two-dimensional and delineates the operation of ground heat storage with the HGHE and such phenomena as freezing/thawing and drying/rewetting of soil moisture. Comprehensive climatological data, such as ambient temperature, solar radiation, wind velocity, rainfall, snowfall, snow characterstics, and water vapour pressure is used to simulate conditions at the ground surface over any required length of time. The package can be applied to any geographical location by changing climatic and soil data input. The designer has the possibility of selecting any of 12 types of soils from sand to clay, 12 commercial heat pumps, nine different configurations of the HGHE, 16 plastic pipes for ground coils, and 13 ground coil fluids. The program, however, does not calculate the length of the HGHE but it evaluates the thermodynamic performance of a ground heat pump system and provides comprehensive data on thermal and hydraulic conditions in ground heat storage. The length of the ground heat exchanger is obtained from a line source theory model or from site dimensions and pipe spacing. Computed results for ground heat exchanger operation correlate fairly well with experimental data. Simulation of temperature and moisture content in the ground for natural conditions (no heat extraction/deposition) showed a fair agreement with field data. The entire computer program is user-friendly, interactive, menu-driven, and written in FORTRAN 77. 相似文献
9.
三峡库区湖北宜昌、秭归、兴山、巴东四县幅员面积11589.3平方公里,总人口数166.02万人,三峡水库形成后,淹没土面积74.47平方公里,涉及8.94万人,规划农业生产安置2.8万人。本文以四县土地资源利用现状主和环境容量的分析为基础,进行三峡库区移民安置对水土流失的影响评价,论证综合开发利用水土资源,水土保持与开发性移民相结合,是扩大库区人口环境容量的必由之路,研究制订出移民安置与水土资源的 相似文献
10.
糠醛注水——润滑油糠醛精制装置的节能途径 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
介绍了用水稀释糠醛使润滑油糠醛精制装置节能的途径。通过注水——糠醛-水溶液(含水95%左右),可降低糠醛的气化沸点,增大换热系统的传热温差,改善换热效果,更多地回收能量,达到节约能源的目的。 相似文献