Quality of Crude Fish Oil Extracted from Herring Byproducts of Varying States of Freshness

ABSTRACT: Herring byproducts were stored at 2 and 15 °C for up to 72 h. Over time, significant increases of total volatile bases (TVB), histamine, putrescine, cadaverine, and tyramine were detected. However, only tyramine and TVB levels were temperature-dependent. The level of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was constant. Longer byproducts storage gave rise to an oil with higher levels of free fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and total PUFAs, while fluorescent compounds were lower. A higher storage temperature led to oil higher in α-tocopherol and EPA levels and lower in anisidine value. Surprisingly, the oil with the highest content of PUFAs was not produced from the freshest byproducts, and oil with low oxidation products can be extracted from stored byproducts.     

Field observations on the occurrence of new indicators of disinfection efficiency

This paper summarizes studies on the presence of acid-fast and yeast organisms in wastewater and water treatment plants and in surface water. These organisms were found to satisfy three of Bonde's criteria for indicator organisms: presence whenever pathogens are likely to be present; resistance at least equal to that of pathogens; and lack of regrowth in the post-treatment environment. This, plus prior data, indicates that these organisms are at least as acceptable as indicators of disinfection efficiency than the coliform group.     

Influence of Production Process Parameters on Fish Oil Quality in a Pilot Plant

ABSTRACT: A pilot plant used for upgrading herring byproducts into fish oil was analyzed on its operational efficiency and product quality. The temperature of the heat exchanger and the speeds of the pump and the 3-phase decanter were varied according to a 2³ fractional factorial design. The initial amount of oxidation products present in the crude oil, its storage stability, and the yields from the different obtained products were determined. Multivariate data analysis of the advanced screening stage showed that T had neither influence on the quality nor on the yield in contrast to D and MP (P < 0.05). Process optimization results showed that the quality of the oil was influenced by an interaction effect between the speed of the MP and the D. Oils processed with the highest MP speed were the most stable during storage.     

Disinfection of wastewaters: high-energy electron vs gamma irradiation

A study was undertaken to examine the sensitivity of a wastewater population of coliphage, total coliforms and total flora present in raw sewage and secondary effluent after irradiating with similar doses delivered by a high-energy electron beam and y -radiation. The electron beam study was conducted on a large scale at the Virginia Key Wastewater Treatment Plant, Miami, Fla. The facility is equipped with a 1.5 MeV, 50 mA electron accelerator, with a wastewater flow rate of 8 ls⁻¹. Concurrent y-radiation studies were conducted at laboratory scale using a 5000 Ci, ⁶⁰Co y -source. Three logs reduction of all three test organisms were observed at an electron beam dose of 500 krads, while at least four logs reduction were observed at the same dose utilizing the y-source.     

稳定态二氧化氯杀菌剂的制备及应用

稳定态二氧化氯(C1O2)是一新型杀菌消毒剂，具有高效、广谱、安全的特性，适用范围广，不产生对人体有害物质。介绍了稳定态ClO2的性质、检测、制备条件及其在有关领域的应用。     

新型组合工艺对微污染原水中有机污染物和消毒副产物前体物的去除

本采用中试试验装置研究了生物陶粒过滤一微絮凝砂滤一活性炭吸附组合工艺，对微污染原水中有机污染物和消毒副产物前体物的去除效果。在原水UV254为0．047～0．065cm^-1，DOC为2．70～4．10mg／L，TOC为3．50～5．00mg／L的条件下，组合工艺对UV254，DOC、TOC平均去除率分别为98．4％、74．1％、69．2％。色-质联机分析结果表明，经组合工艺处理水中有机物由54种降至25种。组合工艺出水中三卤甲烷总含量不及常规工艺出水中该物质含量的五分之一。组合工艺能有效控制和消除水中有机物的污染，提供安全的优质饮用水。     

油田废水电解杀菌研究

采用电解杀菌技术处理油田废水，研究了电解时间、电流强度、极板间距以及电极联结方式等因素对废水中硫酸盐还原菌杀灭效果的影响。结果表明，油田废水经3min电解杀菌，硫酸盐还原菌杀灭率高达99．90％。随着电解时间的增加，硫酸盐还原菌的杀菌率进一步提高；电流强度增加，硫酸盐还原菌的杀灭率升高。在电流强度保持不变的情况下，随着极板间距增加，极板之间电压升高，更有利于杀灭硫酸盐还原菌。在极板间电流强度相同的条件下，两种电极联结方式的杀菌率差别不大，杀菌率均在99．9％以上。     

电化学消毒法的消毒效果试验

本研究主要是采用自行设计的电化学消毒器对河水及不同含盐量的配水进行了系统的消毒试验，试验结果表明电化学消毒器的消毒效果良好，耗电很低，杀菌率随电流、停留时间和盐度的增加而提高。     

Effect of catalyst type on the kinetics of the photoelectrochemical disinfection of water inoculated with E. coli

The rates of the photoelectrochemical disinfection of Escherichia coli at TiO₂ electrodes were measured as a function of concentration and applied potential. Two different TiO₂ photoelectrodes were used: a thermally treated titanium plate and a porous film prepared by a sol–gel hydrolysis technique. The kinetics of the disinfection process were found to depend upon the nature of the electrode material. For the thermal film they were first order, and half order for the sol–gel film. It was also found that the catalytic activity per unit surface area of catalyst is many orders of magnitude greater than that observed using TiO₂ slurries; this was attributed to the reduced rate of electron-hole recombination afforded by the application of a small potential bias (1 V vs Ag/AgCl), and hence the exploitation of the electric field enhancement (EFE) effect.     

控制饮用水加氯消毒副产物的研究

试验证明高锰酸钾复合药剂与粒状活性炭联用处理技术是一种高效、经济的除污染技术．能够有效地去除水中有机物，尤其是水中的卤代有机物及其前驱物质．这样就充分保证了饮用水的安全性。