新型着色材料——速溶色浆粉的测试与应用

介绍了通过初级颜料的润湿、研磨与分散、稳定处理技术,使助剂和树脂均匀地包裹在颜料表面,并通过特殊工艺制得水性和油性色浆粉,并赋予了很好的速溶性和分散性。     

PE/PP皮芯型复合超短纤维生产技术

本文从原丝质量控制、原料选择、油剂的选用和工艺条件等方面介绍了PE/PP(聚乙烯/聚丙烯)皮芯复合超短纤维生产技术，指出分散性是超短纤维最主要的控制指标，3mm纤维是超短纤维的发展趋势．     

Co-processing as a tool to improve aqueous dispersibility of cellulose ethers

Cellulose ethers are important materials with numerous applications in pharmaceutical industry. They are widely employed as stabilizers and viscosity enhancers for dispersed systems, binders in granulation process and as film formers for tablets. These polymers, however, exhibit challenge during preparation of their aqueous dispersions. Rapid hydration of their surfaces causes formation of a gel that prevents water from reaching the inner core of the particle. Moreover, the surfaces of these particles become sticky, thus leading to agglomeration, eventually reducing their dispersion kinetics. Numerous procedures have been tested to improve dispersibility of cellulose ethers. These include the use of cross-linking agents, alteration in the synthesis process, adjustment of water content of cellulose ether, modification by attaching hydrophobic substituents and co-processing using various excipients. Among these, co-processing has provided the most encouraging results. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms responsible for the poor dispersibility of cellulose ethers and the role of co-processing technologies in overcoming the challenge. An attempt has been made to highlight various co-processing techniques and specific role of excipients used for co-processing.     

纳米金刚石膜的成核及生长特性研究

采用直流等离子体喷射化学气相沉积(DC arc pla sma jet)系统制备了纳米金刚石膜(NCD),研究了不同的金刚石成核剂溶液对NCD 膜的成核及生长的影响。研究表明,在成核剂溶液中添加二甲基亚砜(DMSO)后成核密度明显 得到提高,而 且制备的NCD膜晶粒分布均匀、致密。当金刚石粉体作为成核剂时,随着其粒径 的增大,NCD膜成核密度下降,晶粒的尺寸均匀性也变差,而粒径为5nm的金刚石纳米粒 子作为成核剂时,NCD膜晶粒间结合致密、颗粒分布均匀。最后,选择5nm的金刚石纳米 粒子和丙酮/DMSO配制的分散液作为成核剂配方,经过60min的生长 ,制备了粒径为50～70 nm的结晶性和品质良好的NCD膜,适用于高频声表面波(SAW)器件及各种光学窗口的研制。     

改性纳米碳酸钙用于硅酮胶挤出性研究

采用碳化法合成纳米碳酸钙,在反应过程中,调整反应起始温度合成不同晶型大小的纳米碳酸钙。通过透射电镜（TEM）、激光粒度仪对碳酸钙的物相、形貌、粒度进行分析,将改性纳米碳酸钙应用于硅酮胶基料制备及挤出性研究,分析改性纳米碳酸钙的颗粒大小、分散性、流变性能及表面改性剂对挤出性的影响。结果表明：粒径介于50~90 nm,屈服值介于66.4~148.9 Pa,黏度介于0.5~0.75 mPa·s,硬脂酸钠与LH-2、LH-3两种包覆剂进行复配改性的纳米碳酸钙用于硅酮胶基料具有较好的挤出性能。     

ZDMA/白炭黑填充HNBR的结构与性能

以甲基丙烯酸锌(ZDMA)/白炭黑填充氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR),研究ZDMA/白炭黑并用比、硫化剂DCP用量及硫化时间对HNBR硫化胶结构和性能的影响。结果表明,在填料总量不变的前提下,随着白炭黑用量的增大,ZDMA/白炭黑填充HNBR硫化胶拉伸强度和压缩永久变形先减小后增大,填料分散性下降;随着硫化剂DCP用量的增大,ZDMA/白炭黑填充HNBR硫化胶物理性能和动态性能提高,填料分散性变好。当ZDMA/白炭黑并用比为10/30、硫化剂DCP用量为5～6份、一段硫化条件为160℃×45min、二段硫化条件为150℃×(9～12)h时,ZDMA/白炭黑填充HNBR硫化胶综合性能较好。     

Effect of alkali on the refunctionalization of soy protein by hydrothermal cooking

The effects of hydrothermal cooking (HTC) at alkaline conditions on refunctionalization of heat-denatured protein of extruded-expelled (EE) soy meals and on preparation of soy protein isolate (SPI) from EE soy meal were determined. Two HTC setups, flashing-out HTC (without holding period) and HTC with holding for 42 s at 154°C, were evaluated. Alkali (NaOH) addition dramatically enhanced the refunctionalization of EE meal having an initial protein dispersibility index of 35. The more alkali added, the more refunctionalization occurred. Extensive refunctionalization was achieved at 0.6 mmol alkali/g EE meal, and additional improvement was small with more alkali. For both HTC setups, the solids and protein yields of SPI from alkali-HTC-treated EE meals were significantly higher than those from HTC without alkali addition. The yield of protein as SPI increased from 40 to 82% after HTC treatment at 0.6 mmol alkali/g EE meal compared with no alkali addition. The emulsification capacities of SPI after alkali-HTC were similar to those from HTC without alkali. SPI from holding-tube HTC-treated EE meals had higher emulsification capacities than those prepared by flashing-out HTC.     

超声波湿法混炼炭黑/天然橡胶复合材料的性能研究

利用超声波的乳化均质作用,将经水湿润的炭黑与稀释的天然胶乳混合均匀,然后采用蒸发成膜法和胶凝成膜法制备胶膜(炭黑/天然橡胶复合材料),探究制膜方法及超声波处理时间和功率对胶膜性能的影响。结果表明:蒸发成膜法成膜时间过长,打开的炭黑二次结构重新团聚,胶膜中炭黑分散性差,胶膜的拉伸强度较小,而胶凝成膜法稳定性更高,胶膜中炭黑分散性好;超声波处理时间为90 s、功率为840~960 W时,超声波的乳化均质效果最好,炭黑二次结构打开程度更高,此时采用胶凝成膜法制备胶膜,成膜速度快,炭黑来不及团聚,胶膜中炭黑分散性较好和结合橡胶较多,胶膜的拉伸强度较大。     

衣康酸改性聚环氧琥珀酸的合成及其阻垢缓蚀性能的研究

目的为了拓宽聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA)的应用范围,合成了衣康酸改性聚环氧琥珀酸衍生物(IA-PESA),拟提高PESA的阻垢缓蚀性能。方法用顺酐合成环氧琥珀酸(ESA)和聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA),再利用ESA与衣康酸(IA)聚合制得IA-PESA,研究了IA-PESA的阻垢和缓蚀等综合性能。用FT-IR对PESA和IA-PESA进行表征。用黏度法测定了PESA和IA-PESA的分子量。结果在静态阻垢实验中,对CaCO_3阻垢率达到90%以上,对CaSO_4阻垢率高达95%,甚至100%。IA-PESA分散Fe(Ⅲ)和稳定Zn~(2+)性能明显好于PESA。在静态失重实验中,当IA-PESA与PESA的用量均为150 mg/L时,加IA-PESA的腐蚀速率明显小于加PESA的腐蚀速率。对钙垢和腐蚀试片的SEM研究表明,IA-PESA使致密度较高、晶格结构规整的CaCO_3和CaSO_4钙垢改变为致密度较低、疏松、形状不规整的晶型结构。IA-PESA使试片未发生均匀腐蚀和点蚀,表面光滑。结论在相同测试条件下,IA-PESA的阻垢、缓蚀、分散Fe(Ⅲ)和稳定锌性能都好于PESA,改变了设备表面钙垢的晶型结构,减少了垢下腐蚀,缓蚀作用明显。