聚羧酸系高效减水剂的研究开发

评述了聚羧酸系减水剂的研究现状，重点讨论了聚羧酸系减水剂的微观结构、作用机理以及化学合成。     

减缩抗裂型混凝土超塑化剂的性能及其作用机理

开发了一种新型的减缩抗裂型超塑化剂(shrinkage-reducing and anti-cracking polycarboxylate-based superplasticizer,SRPCA),掺量为水泥质量的0.2%时,减水率可达22.3%,且增强效果明显.和掺传统萘系减水剂的混凝土相比,掺SRPCA的混凝土90d的自收缩率和干燥收缩率分别降低了52.1%和44.9%.平板和圆环开裂实验证实:SRPCA大大提高了混凝土的抗裂能力.SRPCA的减缩抗裂效果基本接近减缩剂掺量为胶凝材料总质量2%的减缩抗裂效果,但SRPCA的掺量不到复掺萘系减水剂和减缩剂的1/10.     

混合材对水泥与减水剂适应性的影响研究

通过对掺高效减水剂水泥净浆流动性及流动性损失的测定试验，研究了3种混合材(粉煤灰、水淬高炉矿渣和沸石)在不同替代率情况下对减水剂作用效果的影响。结果表明：水淬高炉矿渣有利于改善减水剂与水泥的适应性，而掺粉煤灰和沸石(尤其是沸石)则会导致减水剂塑化作用的降低，而且浆体流动性损失也有增大趋势。     

多羧酸系高效减水剂与水泥的相容性

研究了不同高效减水剂(多羧酸系、萘系)对普通硅酸盐水泥、中热硅酸盐水泥、矿渣硅酸盐水泥及快硬硅酸盐水泥浆体的流动度及流动度经时损失情况。结果表明,多羧酸系高效减水剂比萘系高效减水剂与水泥具有更好的相容性;多羧酸系和萘系高效减水剂与不同水泥之间的相容性规律基本相同,即与矿渣水泥相容性较好,而与普通硅酸盐水泥相容性较差;多羧酸系高效减水剂适宜的使用温度为10～30℃。     

新型蔗糖基聚羧酸高效减水剂的合成与性能

以自制甲基丙烯酸蔗糖酯（MASE）、丙烯酸（AA）、甲基丙烯酸（MAA）、烯丙基磺酸钠和烯丙基聚乙二醇（A PEG ）为原料,以过硫酸钾为引发剂,自由基共聚法合成蔗糖基聚羧酸高效减水剂。研究了反应时间、蔗糖酯含量及引发剂用量对蔗糖基聚羧酸高效减水剂性能的影响。并通过流动度测试、红外光谱表征及黏度对减水剂的结构与性能进行了分析与比较。各组分物质的量nAA ：nMAA ：nSAS ：nAPEG ：nMASE ＝3∶1∶2∶1∶0．2,MASE含量为4．9wt．％,引发剂为单体用量1．9wt．％,反应时间为5h时合成的减水剂性能最好。在水灰比为0．29,折固掺量为0．3w t ．％,水泥净浆流动度达到340mm。     

适用于聚羧酸减水剂的混凝土激发剂研究

提出一种适用于聚羧酸减水剂的复合矿物混凝土激发剂,研究了在不同养护条件、不同掺量下,激发剂对混凝土工作性能及各龄期强度的影响,结合XRD,SEM物相检测探讨了激发剂作用机理,并在连江可门港口泊位工程中试用,测试了掺激发剂混凝土的耐久性能.宏观测试结果表明所研激发剂I型对混凝土工作性能影响不大,能够提高混凝土早期强度,且对后期强度及长期耐久性能无不良影响;微观分析表明激发剂I型的掺入加速了C2S,C3S等矿物的水化,并激发了粉煤灰、矿粉的二次水化反应,混凝土强度发展拐点提前出现.     

Effects of molecular structure of polycarboxylate-type superplasticizer on the hydration properties of C3S

Effects of polycarboxylate-type superplasticizer(PC) molecular structure on the hydration heat of tricalcium silicate(C3S) paste and polymerization degree of hydration products(C-S-H gel) were researched by using TAM AIR isothermal microcalorimetry(TA) and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR).Methoxy polyethylene glycol-methacrylates-based polycarboxylate superplasticizers with different side chain lengths and main chain lengths were employed.PC molecules with shorter main chain or longer side chains caused stronger retardation of C3S early hydration and lesser increase of C3S 3 d hydration degree.NMR measurement indicated that the incorporation of PC increased the hydration degree of C3S paste and the polymerization degree of silicon-oxygen tetrahedron of C-S-H gel.The tendency for C3S 7 d hydration degree to improve was more pronounced while PC molecules with longer main chain or shorter side chain were added.Whereas,PC molecules with longer main chains or longer side chains increased the 7 d polymerization degree of C-S-H gel.     

粘土对聚羧酸减水剂性能的影响及机理研究

粘土作为杂质存在于混凝土的组分如砂石中,粘土对聚羧酸减水剂有较强的吸附性,从而影响混凝土的工作性。研究了不同粘土对掺聚羧酸减水剂的水泥浆体及砂浆流动性的影响规律,探讨了聚羧酸减水剂与粘土的相互作用机理。研究结果表明,不同粘土对水泥浆体的流动性有不同程度的影响,蒙脱土和膨润土相对于高岭土及筛分土对砂浆的流动性影响更为显著;同时,相对于不掺聚羧酸的砂浆,粘土对掺聚羧酸减水剂砂浆的流动性影响更为显著。粘土自身的吸附性与疏水基的定向吸附共同作用及粘土中的金属离子与聚羧酸的螯合作用可能是粘土吸附聚羧酸减水剂的机理。     

Effect of polycarboxylate-type superplasticizer on the paste fluidity based on the water film thickness of flocs

The excess water film theory and the properties of flocs are integrated to examine the effect of the polycarboxylate-type superplasticizer on the paste fluidity.The theory states that excess water can surround the flocs rather than the particles and that the cell consists of a floc and a superficial water film.Experiments on limestone powder pastes were conducted to verify the theory.The superplasticizer dosage(sp%)and the water–powder ratio by volume(Vw/Vp)were systematically varied.A sedimentation balance method was used to measure the size distribution of the flocs in the limestone powder pastes.The water film thickness(WFT)of flocs was then calculated and shown to determine the paste fluidity.Based on this WFT of flocs,the effect of the sp on the paste fluidity was determined and then compared with the effect of water.     

聚羧酸减水剂对再生石膏性能的影响

对比研究了聚羧酸减水剂(polycarboxylate superplasticizer,PCS)对原生与再生石膏性能的影响,并通过SEM、粒径分析对其作用机理进行分析。结果表明:PCS对再生石膏与原生石膏性能影响差异显著,相同掺量下,PCS对再生石膏具有更强的减水能力;随PCS掺量增加,原生石膏凝结时间延长,而再生石膏的凝结时间却呈先缩短后延长的趋势;原生石膏2h强度与干强分别在0.12%、0.15%掺量下达到峰值,之后强度降低;而随PCS掺量的增加,再生石膏强度不断增加,在掺量0.20%内,并无再生石膏最佳的PCS掺量。分析表明,再生石膏较大的比表面积和较小的粒径是导致PCS对其产生较好减水效果的主要因素,随PCS掺量的增加,再生石膏硬化体致密度增加、晶体搭接更紧密,因此其强度大幅提高。