震级、震中距和场地条件对反应谱特性影响的统计分析

选取世界各地的地震记录共324组,研究了竖向与水平反应谱的比值(V/H)、反应谱峰值周期(T^p)、动力放大系数最大值(β_max)、地震影响系数最大值(α_max)和2水平向峰值周期的差值(ΔT_p)等参数,以及这些参数与场地类别、震级和震中距的关系.结果表明:1)现行规范中V/H=2/3基本符合实际情况的;2)竖向T_p略小于相应水平T_p;竖向T_p随震中距和震级增大,场地类别的影响不明显;3)α_max随震中距的增加而减小.当震中距离比较大时,场地条件对α_max值的影响不明显;4)2个水平向反应谱的特征周期存在一定差异,随震级的增大这一差异有增大的趋势.     

Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment for Bridgetown-Barbados,Employing Subduction Interface Characteristic Earthquakes

A new probabilistic seismic hazard analysis was performed for the city of Bridgetown, Barbados, West Indies. Hazard computations have been performed using the standard Cornell-McGuire approach based on the definition of appropriate seismogenic sources and expected maximum magnitudes, the authors take into consideration the possibility of large subduction interface earthquakes of magnitude 8.0-9.0 beneath the Barbados accretionary prism via application of a characteristic model and slip rates. The analysis has been conducted using a standard logic-tree approach. Uniform hazard spectra have been calculated for the 5% of critical damping and the horizontal component of ground motion for rock site conditions setting 5 return periods （95, 475, 975, 2,475 and 4,975 years） and spectral accelerations for 34 structural periods ranging from 0 to 3 s. The disaggregation results suggest that the magnitude-distance pair that dominates the hazard yields M 7.4 and 8.6 and a distance of 42.5 km in the Interface Subduction Zone beneath Barbados for the 475 and 975 years RP （return period）, respectively. An event with an M 8.0 at a distance of 107.5 km in the Intraplate Subduction Zone is the second scenario that dominates the hazard for both 475 and 975 years RP.     

Pulse extraction and displacement response evaluation for long-period ground motions

Long-period ground motions with directivity and/or path effects are often characterised by the presence of velocity and acceleration pulses in the lowermost frequency range. An objective of this article is to present a discrete-time signal processing method for isolating these pulses. In this method, the velocity and the acceleration pulses are identified by applying a low-pass discrete-time filter H_lp (ω) at a suitable cut-off frequency f _c to the Fourier transforms of the original velocity and acceleration ground motion time histories, respectively. Another objective of this article is to present a mathematical expression for evaluating the linear displacement response of a single degree-of-freedom (SDF) system by simultaneous application of two frequency modulators, H_lp (ω) and H_u (ω), to the original ground excitation. By using only the pulse component of the ground motion as the excitation force, it is shown that the displacement response of the SDF system with natural period exceeding a certain value referred to as the cut-off period T _c is quite comparable with that due to the original ground excitation. Also, for ground motions that contain multiple-period pulses, it is shown that the displacement response spectrum of the SDF system exhibits multiple peaks at different natural system periods T _n.     

A new control algorithm to protect nonlinear base‐isolated structures against earthquakes

Currently, nonlinear base isolation systems are widely used in the construction of earthquake resistant structures. However, they are found to be vulnerable in near‐fault regions as a result of long‐period pulses that may exist in near‐source ground motions. Various control strategies including passive, active and semi‐active control systems have been studied in order to handle this issue. In this study, a semi‐active control algorithm based on the different performance levels anticipated from an isolated building during different levels of ground shaking was developed. The proposed performance‐based algorithm is based on a modified version of the well‐known semi‐active skyhook control algorithm. A series of analyses were performed on the base‐isolated benchmark building, suggested by the American Society of Civil Engineers committee, subject to seven pairs of scaled ground‐motion records. The results proved that the new control algorithm is successful in improving structural and nonstructural performance of isolated buildings under near‐fault earthquakes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

滑移摩擦型隔震结构考虑竖向地震作用影响的分析

摩擦滑移型隔震支座具有较好的减震效果和经济性能,越来越多地应用于结构隔震.这种支座屈服力取决于滑动摩擦力,与摩擦系数和支座竖向压力有关.地震动是多维的,本文考虑双向地震动,分析了采用摩擦滑移型支座隔震的质量块、基础隔震结构和顶层隔震结构,在不同摩擦系数和地震烈度情况下竖向地震作用对结构水平地震反应的影响.计算表明,在大摩擦系数、高烈度情况下,竖向地震作用对基础隔震和设备隔震有一定影响,建议考虑竖向地震作用的影响;而在小摩擦系数时则可忽略.并且,适当的屈服后刚度可以减小竖向地震作用的影响.     

材料损伤累积在网壳强震失效研究中的应用

为在网壳结构强震分析中考虑材料损伤累积及裂纹效应的影响,编制了通用有限元软件ABAQUS的用户材料子程序,通过标准子程序验证表明具有较高的计算精度.应用该程序对网壳结构在地震下的典型算例进行了对比分析,表明子程序具有较好的收敛性能,实现了考虑钢材损伤累积的有限元分析方法.应用该程序,并结合基于响应的动力全过程分析方法,对网壳结构在强震下的响应进行了参数研究,考察了结构失效时刻的特征响应.通过是否考虑材料损伤累积的对比表明,考虑这个因素对失效时刻的塑性发展影响不大,但可能明显降低结构的失效极限荷载,需要在分析中予以重视.     

剪切型钢筋混凝土结构的地震损伤识别方法

本文根据文献（１）的试验结果，提出了剪切型钢筋混凝土结构地震损伤的识别方法；对于完整模态和非完整模态的识别结果，给出了结构损伤状态参数的计算方法。本文炒在实际工程中应用参数识别方法对结构进行损伤估计提供了可行方法。     

地震作用下不规则建筑AMTMD控制的动力特性-Ⅰ:平动振动控制

主动多重调谐质量阻尼器(AMTMD)最优参数准则定义为:设置AMTMD不规则建筑的最大平动位移动力放大系数最小值的最小化。AMTMD有效性准则定义为:设置AMTMD不规则建筑最大平动位移动力放大系数最小值的最小化与未设置AMTMD不规则建筑最大平动位移动力放大系数之比。使用定义的准则,研究了不规则建筑标准化偏心系数(NER)和扭转对侧向频率比(TTFR)对AMTMD控制不规则建筑平动位移时的最优参数和有效性的影响。     

琼北火山区地震活动特征探讨

火山灾害是人类面临的严重自然灾害之一。首先对琼北火山区自火山建台以来记录到的地震进行梳理,然后为研究火山地震建立目录,并选取火山区的地震进行时频分析,通过震相、频谱等方法,探讨火山区地震类型及其活动特征,分析确认火山区地震非火山地震,为以后火山研究、火山预警奠定了基础。     

土与一般刚度偏心结构地震动力相互作用的研究

采用极坐标表示楼层任意刚度偏心位置,能更加详细地分析结构各层刚度中心在任意位置的偏心对结构平移-扭转耦合地震响应的影响,另外考虑实际边界条件,即并入土与结构相互作用（SSI）以达到结构整体性能,因而提出了分析土与一般刚度偏心结构地震动力相互作用的基本框架.首先,采用极坐标建立双向地震作用下两层一般刚度偏心结构（GSES）的动力方程（6个自由度）;接着,使用5个自由度土阻抗函数来表征土与一般刚度偏心结构相互作用;最后,建立土与一般刚度偏心结构相互作用（SGSESI）的动力方程,使用SGSESI系统的标准化均方根位移和加速度来分析其地震动力相互作用.通过设置不同的刚度偏心位置,数值研究了在双向地震作用下,考虑SSI的同轴、非同轴刚度偏心对结构平-扭耦合地震响应的影响.