Critical-point drying versus freeze drying for scanning electron microscopy: a quantitative and qualitative study on isolated hepatocytes

Critical-point drying and freeze drying were compared both quantitatively and qualitatively as preparative procedures for scanning electron microscopy. Isolated hepatocytes were used as model cells. Nomarski differential interference contrast microscopy was used for light microscopic measurements of the hepatocytes in the unfixed, the glutaraldehyde fixed, the glutaraldehyde + OsO₄ fixed, the critical-point dried and the freeze dried states. Critical-point dried hepatocytes were found to shrink to 38% of glutaraldehyde + OsO₄ fixed volume, whereas optimal freeze dried hepatocytes (frozen in water saturated with chloroform and freeze dried at 183 K for 84 h) were found to shrink to 51% of glutaraldehyde + OsO₄ fixed volume. Transmission and scanning electron micrographs of the critical-point dried cells showed well-preserved ultrastructure and surface structure. Micrographs of the freeze dried cells showed ultrastructure destroyed by internal ice crystals and surface structure destroyed by external ice crystals. Double-fixed isolated hepatocytes were shown to swell during storage in buffer and to shrink during storage after critical-point drying. For low magnification scanning electron microscopy (up to about 3000 times) both critical-point drying and freeze drying can be used. However, for high magnification scanning electron microscopy, critical-point drying is superior to freeze drying.     

隔震结构在省防震减灾中心大楼工程中的应用

结合工程实例介绍了隔震结构在工程设计中的应用     

Germanium islands embedded in strained silicon quantum wells grown on patterned substrates

Germanium islands were embedded in strained silicon quantum wells in order to provide an improved electron confinement in vicinity of the islands. Growth was performed on relaxed SiGe layers. Patterned substrates were used, favouring lattice relaxation as well permitting the fabrication of small Ge islands at deposition temperatures above 500 °C. Photoluminescence analysis reveals a strongly reduced dislocation related signal. The low temperature spectra are dominated by intense signals from the germanium islands. The origin of these signals were investigated by removing the islands by etching, analysing reference samples without a silicon quantum well, varying the germanium deposition and the growth temperature.     

静止和旋转孤立车轮局部流场的评价

为研究车轮周围流场特征,分别对某孤立车轮静止和旋转工况下周围流场进行数值研究,并给予试验验证.计算采用定常雷诺时均纳维斯托克斯方程.在1∶15的模型风洞中进行试验.数值模拟结果与试验数据吻合.针对数值模拟结果,详细分析静止和旋转孤立车轮周围流场的流动情况、表面压力因数、气动阻力因数和气动升力因数等,得到孤立车轮旋转对车轮附近局部流场的影响以及形成机理.车轮的转动使总体压差减小,降低气动阻力和升力,改善气动性能。     

TiAl合金精密铸件缩孔的定量预测

研究了TiAl合金叶片铸件液态熔池孤立区形成的判定方法及缩孔的预测模型，对缩孔形成过程进行了模拟显示。研究表明，利用这种方法模拟缩孔缺陷可以提高铸件模拟缩孔预测精度。     

麻辣休闲食品的研制

对双螺杆蒸煮挤压机挤压面类麻辣休闲食品配方进行了研究。实验以小麦粉和大豆分离蛋白为蒸煮挤压产品的主要原料,利用正交设计方法将休闲麻辣食品的配方优化为：辣椒的添加量0.8%、孜然的添加量0.7%、麻椒的添加量为0.4%。     

单峰函数最值定理的推广

单峰函数最值定理广泛应用于最值问题中,但它要求驻点惟一．本文讨论了多驻点情形下的最值问题,给出2个主要结论：（1）若可导函数f在某一区间内的所有驻点组成的集合是孤立点集,且函数f的极大点个数与极小点个数不相等时,则函数f在该区间上存在最值．（2）若可导函数f在某一区间内存在最小驻点和最大驻点,且这两个驻点均为极大（小）点时,则函数f在该区间上存在最大（小）值．     

考虑暂态频率特性的孤立电网低频减载方法

针对孤立电网运行频率波动范围较大且负荷有限的特点,提出一种考虑系统暂态频率特性的孤立电网低频减载方法.该方法采用较低的频率启动值及较少的启动轮次;根据实际系统暂态频率特性,对于频率启动值较大的轮次,采用较长的动作时限;并采用最低频率轮先动作其他轮间并行或的动作逻辑;且在特殊情况下,采用低频减载与快速连切负荷相结合的措施...     

未来电网中的独立电力系统模式

集中发电、远距离输电和统一配电仍是目前电能生产、输送和分配的主要方式．不断增长的电力需求和消费模式以及新能源的开发利用,使得传统互联电力系统面临更大的挑战,迫切需要有与之相适应的电能生产和消费模式．为此,探讨未来电网的一种新模式——独立电力系统,介绍独立电力系统的概念、特点及其典型应用,阐述不同应用环境下独立电力系统在安全稳定、电能质量、经济节能以及自愈控制等方面面临的新需求,分析独立电力系统发展过程中需要解决的关键问题,指出独立电力系统的发展方向及其关键技术．     

面向可重构扫描网络的锁定隔离安全结构

为使可重构扫描网络免受未经授权的访问、恶意仪器对传输数据的窜改和嗅探3种安全攻击的影响,提出了锁定隔离安全结构.该结构首先把彼此不具有安全威胁的仪器分成一组,通过控制隔离信号实现组与组之间的单独访问,以防止恶意仪器对传输数据的窜改和嗅探.然后通过使用锁段插入位保护关键的仪器,只有扫描网络中处于特定位置的多个键值被设置成特定值(0,1序列)时锁段插入位才能打开,能加大未经授权访问的难度.此外,为解决仪器分组多导致硬件开销大和布线困难的问题,提出了仪器分组算法,根据仪器间的安全关系构建无向图,然后对无向图求极大独立集,能有效地减少仪器分组数.在ITC 02基准电路上的实验结果表明,与国际上同类方法相比,所提的安全结构打开锁段插入位所需要的时间增大了7倍,在面积、功耗和布线上的平均减少百分比分别为3.81%,9.02%和4.55%.