The Multifaceted Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor Member X2 in Allergic Diseases and Beyond

Recent research on mast cell biology has turned its focus on MRGPRX2, a new member of the Mas-related G protein-coupled subfamily of receptors (Mrgprs), originally described in nociceptive neurons of the dorsal root ganglia. MRGPRX2, a member of this group, is present not only in neurons but also in mast cells (MCs), specifically, and potentially in other cells of the immune system, such as basophils and eosinophils. As emerging new functions for this receptor are studied, a variety of both natural and pharmacologic ligands are being uncovered, linked to the ability to induce receptor-mediated MC activation and degranulation. The diversity of these ligands, characterized in their human, mice, or rat homologues, seems to match that of the receptor’s interactions. Natural ligands include host defense peptides, basic molecules, and key neuropeptides such as substance P and vasointestinal peptide (known for their role in the transmission of pain and itch) as well as eosinophil granule-derived proteins. Exogenous ligands include MC secretagogues such as compound 48/80 and mastoparan, a component of bee wasp venom, and several peptidergic drugs, among which are members of the quinolone family, neuromuscular blocking agents, morphine, and vancomycin. These discoveries shed light on its capacity as a multifaceted participant in naturally occurring responses within immunity and neural stimulus perception, as in responses at the center of immune pathology. In host defense, the mice Mrgprb2 has been proven to aid mast cells in the detection of peptidic molecules from bacteria and in the release of peptides with antimicrobial activities and other immune mediators. There are several potential actions described for it in tissue homeostasis and repair. In the realm of pathologic response, there is evidence to suggest that this receptor is also involved in chronic inflammation. Furthermore, MRGPRX2 has been linked to the pathophysiology of non-IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity drug reactions. Different studies have shown its possible role in other allergic diseases as well, such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, and chronic spontaneous urticaria. In this review, we sought to cover its function in physiologic processes and responses, as well as in allergic and nonallergic immune disease.     

控制爆破法处理卡钻事故

介绍了在包头市某工程实施管道穿越黄河施工中,采用爆破法处理卡钻的经验。针对深水环境条件及钻杆内径小不宜采用集团装药的条件,确定采用"小直径爆破筒,钻杆内部装药"的爆破方案,阐述了爆破设计及施工注意事项。可供类似工程参考。     

Strength of pure alumina ceramics above 1 GPa

Up to now, commercially available alumina ceramics were claimed to have strength between 400 and 550 MPa. However, our study shows strength ~ 2 times higher for commercially available alumina than commonly believed. The average and characteristic strength, measured on 31 pure alumina ceramic discs by ball on three balls (B3B) test, were 1205 ± 93 MPa and 1257 MPa, respectively, with a Weibull modulus of m = 11.8. Tested specimens were in form of discs with a diameter of 5 mm and thickness 0.5 mm. The grain size distribution of the alumina is bimodal with an average grain size of ~ 850 nm measured at the surface. The fracture reveals a mixed transgranular / intergranular failure mode. To avoid incorporation of additional flaws, the discs were tested as sintered. The characteristic flexural strength measured in B3B was recalculated according to Weibull theory for standard 4-point bending bars of size 3 × 4 × 45 mm as bend 856 MPa. The measured strength of nearly 900 MPa shows the potential of strength for high purity alumina ceramics.     

对称配筋小偏心受压构件的截面设计

对小偏心受压构件在对称配筋情况下的截面配筋计算，提出用最佳一次逼近多项式简化基本公式，直接按二次方程求解ξ的近似方法，具有精度高，相对误差小，计算方便等优点，可供工程设计人员参考。     

柔性纤维混凝土的疲劳特性研究

将柔性纤维掺入水泥混凝土可以大幅度提高混凝土的弯曲疲劳等路用性能,并通过试验建立了柔性纤维混凝土的疲劳方程.结果表明,柔性纤维不但能使混凝土的强度提高,更主要的是可以在重交通条件下,可成倍地提高混凝土的弯曲疲劳寿命.     

钢筋砼矩形截面受弯构件优化设计

对钢筋砼矩形截面受弯构件提出一种优化的方法。     

Task versus relationship conflict, team performance, and team member satisfaction: A meta-analysis.

This study provides a meta-analysis of research on the associations between relationship conflict, task conflict, team performance, and team member satisfaction. Consistent with past theorizing, results revealed strong and negative correlations between relationship conflict, team performance, and team member satisfaction. In contrast to what has been suggested in both academic research and introductory textbooks, however, results also revealed strong and negative (instead of the predicted positive) correlations between task conflict, team performance, and team member satisfaction. As predicted, conflict had stronger negative relations with team performance in highly complex (decision making, project, mixed) than in less complex (production) tasks. Finally, task conflict was less negatively related to team performance when task conflict and relationship conflict were weakly, rather than strongly, correlated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The topographic normalization of hyperspectral data: implications for the selection of spectral end members and lithologic mapping

Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI) hyperspectral data is used to investigate the effects of topography on the selection of spectral end members, and to assess whether the topographic correction improves the discrimination of rock units for lithologic mapping. A publicly available Digital Elevation Model (DEM), at a scale of 1:50,000, is used to model the radiance variation of the scene as a function of topography, assuming a Lambertian surface. Skylight is estimated and removed from the airborne data using a dark object correction. The CASI data is corrected on a pixel-by-pixel basis to normalize the scene to a uniform solar illumination and viewing geometry. The results show that topography has the effect of expanding end member clusters at times resulting in the overlap of clusters and that the correction process can effectively reduce the variation in detected radiance due to changes in local illumination. When topographic effects are embedded in the hyperspectral data, methods typically used for the selection of end members, such as the convex hull method, can miss end members or result in the selection of nonrepresentative pixels as end members. Thus, end members selected by some conventional methods are very likely “incomplete” or “nonrepresentative” if the topographic effect is embedded in the data. As shown in this study, the topographic correction can reveal hidden end members and achieve a better representation of end members via the statistical center of isolated clusters.     

中国爆破安全网

中国爆破安全网是由中国工程爆破协会主办的涉爆行业信息专业网 ,开通于 2 0 0 3年 4月。该网是民爆器材生产流通主管部门、使用部门和公安机关实施联网监控和规范化管理的有力工具 ,最主要的功能是为涉爆行业管理部门和从业单位提供一个功能完善的管理和办公平台。该网的开通 ,有利于民爆器材生产、销售、购买、使用流向监控制度的贯彻实行。文章介绍了网络的组成、建设原则 ,并给出了中国爆破安全网网络拓扑图     

岩石龟裂系数法在火山岩裂缝储集层预测中的应用

 本文针对辽河东部凹陷油燕沟中生界火山岩的具体特征，采用纵波波速的比值——“龟裂系数”裂缝分析法［1,2,3］，研究了火山岩裂隙发育程度。综合龟裂系数裂缝分析及其他方法发现，该区中生界火山岩有效储集层的测井相特征主要表现为低密度、低中子、高声波时差和高伽马值等特征。此法的关键在于根据不同火山岩的岩性，选用合适的岩石骨架参数，在此基础上利用测井约束地震反演计算火山岩的层速度，进而计算出龟裂系数，然后根据已钻至火山岩井孔的测井相特征编制出火山岩预测厚度图。