用高锰酸钾滴定法测定奶粉中还原糖时样品处理方法的改进

介绍了用高锰酸钾滴定法测定奶粉中还原糖时样品处理方法的改进,即样品不除蛋白,采用表面活性剂——聚氧乙烯月桂醚增溶后,即可用高锰酸钾滴定法测定奶粉中的还原糖。经试验S=0.29,RSD为1.6%,回收率为99%—101%.该法简单易行,测定结果与原法比较无显著性差异。     

Preparation of laurel oil alkanolamide from laurel oil

A low-temperature synthesis of laurel oil alkanolamides directly from laurel oil and ethanolamine was carried out in essentially quantitative yields. The ethanolamine/laurel oil molar ratio used was 10∶1. Even though amine served as a catalyst in the reaction, we used sodium methoxide at a ratio of 0.2–2% as a second catalyst. The reaction was complete in 1–9 h at room temperature. The identity of the amide was confirmed by IR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy.     

沈阳奥林匹克体育中心体育场创意设计

沈阳奥林匹克中心体育场设计以"月桂树之冠"为寓意主题,充分体现"绿色、科技、人文"奥运的宗旨,意在创造一座与环境共生的生态型体育场。     

Characterization of laurel fruit oil from Madeira Island,Portugal

The fixed oil extracted from Laurus spp. fruit from Madeira Island, Portugal, is used in local traditional medicine for a wide variety of health complaints. Physical properties, density and refractive index, as well as the TAG FA composition, sterols, and waxes were determined. The oil was found to have an unusually high content of volatiles (ca. 10%), with trans-ocimene and germacrene D predominating. Oleic (30%) and linoleic (20%) acids were the main unsaturated FA, whereas lauric (18%) and palmitic (up to 22.5%) acids were the main saturated FA in the neutral lipid fraction. The oil had a sterol content on the same order as olive oil, with β-sitosterol (84%) predominating. Two sesquiterpene lactones, dehydrocostuslactone and costunolide, accounted for 5% of the overall composition. Madeira laurel oil is not currently used as an edible oil because of its very strong flavor. Its claimed medicinal properties have not yet been validated, and this is the first report on the characterization of the commercial product.     

Exergetic performance assessment of a ground‐source heat pump drying system

In evaluating the efficiency of heat pump (HP) systems, the most commonly used measure is the energy (or first law) efficiency, which is modified to a coefficient of performance (COP) for HP systems. However, for indicating the possibilities for thermodynamic improvement, energy analysis is inadequate and exergy analysis is needed. This study presents an exergetic assessment of a ground‐source (or geothermal) HP (GSHP) drying system. This system was designed, constructed and tested in the Solar Energy Institute of Ege University, Izmir, Turkey. The exergy destructions in each of the components of the overall system are determined for average values of experimentally measured parameters. Exergy efficiencies of the system components are determined to assess their performances and to elucidate potentials for improvement. COP values for the GSHP unit and overall GSHP drying system are found to range between 1.63–2.88 and 1.45–2.65, respectively, while corresponding exergy efficiency values on a product/fuel basis are found to be 21.1 and 15.5% at a dead state temperature of 27°C, respectively. Specific moisture extraction rate (SMER) on the system basis is obtained to be 0.122 kg kW^?1 h^?1. For drying systems, the so‐called specific moisture exergetic rate (SMExR), which is defined as the ratio of the moisture removed in kg to the exergy input in kW h, is also proposed by the authors. The SMExR of the whole GSHP drying system is found to be 5.11 kg kW^?1 h^?1. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

烷氧基金属和皂类催化剂对月桂醇乙氧基化窄分布作用的研究

对烷氧基金属化合物和月桂酸皂类化合物催化月桂醇乙氧基化窄分布作用进行了研究，用高效液相色谱分析了乙氧基化产物的分布状态。结果表明：烷氧基金属和皂类化合物具有一定的脂肪醇乙氧基化催化活性，同用ＮａＯＨ催化得到的产物相比，具有较好的窄分布效果。皂类化合物中以月桂酸钡催化剂窄分布效果较为显著。烷氧基金属化合物中，随着烷基链的增长窄分布催化作用逐渐增强     

Exergetic evaluation of drying of laurel leaves in a vertical ground-source heat pump drying cabinet

This paper is concerned with the exergy analysis of the single layer drying process of laurel leaves in a ground-source heat pump drying cabinet, which was designed and constructed in the Solar Energy Institute, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey. The effects of drying air temperature on exergy losses, exergy efficiencies and exergetic improvement potential of the drying process are investigated. The results have indicated that exergy efficiencies of the dryer increase with rising the drying air temperature. Moreover, the laurel leaves are sufficiently dried at the temperatures ranging from 40 to 50°C with relative humidities varying from 16 to 19% and a drying air velocity of 0.5 m s⁻¹ during the drying period of 9 h. The exergy efficiency values are obtained to range from 81.35 to 87.48% based on the inflow, outflow and loss of exergy, and 9.11 to 15.48% based on the product/fuel basis between the same drying air temperatures with a drying air mass flow rate of 0.12 kg s⁻¹. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

唐代的状元并不受重视

唐代的状元桂冠来得容易;夺魁之后并无特别的待遇：不立即授职,到授职时起点官阶很低,入仕之后也不因是状元而被另眼看待;唐人集中不注意及第名次,也基本不用“状元”一词。总之,同是状元,在唐代远不如宋代中期以后的地位高。     

Diphenolases from two cultivars of cherry laurel (Laurocerasus officinalis Roem.) fruits at an early stage of maturation

Diphenolases from two cherry laurel cultivars (Laurocerasus officinalis Roem. ‘Globigemmis’ and ‘Oxygemmis’) were highly active against 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (DHPPA) at acidic pH values with temperature optima of 50 and 40 °C, respectively. Although the pH-stability profiles showed that both enzymes were fully stable at pH 7.0, their stabilities decreased significantly at alkaline pH values. Thermal-stabilities of the cherry laurel diphenolases indicated that enzymes from the two cultivars share similar thermodynamic properties and heat-sensitivities as a result of heat-inactivation. In addition, ascorbate and metabisulfite, at 1 mM final concentrations, almost completely inhibited the oxidation of DHPPA by the enzymes, indicating the sensitivities of the cherry laurel diphenolases from the two cultivars towards general Polyphenol oxidases inhibitors. It can be concluded that the crude enzymes prepared from the cherry laurel fruits of the two cultivars, at an early stage of development, possess diphenolase activities sharing similar behaviours.     

Some physicochemical properties and mineral contents of stirred yoghurts containing different fruit marmalades

In this study chemical properties and mineral levels of yoghurts containing different fruit marmalades were investigated. Cherry laurel, loquat fruit and kiwi marmalade were used to make the stirred yoghurts, and the calcium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium, manganese, iron, zinc, copper, boron, lead, nickel, molybdenum, chromium, cadmium, cobalt levels were determined by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP–OES). The total solid, fat, ash, pH, viscosity and syneresis contents of the yoghurt samples changed between 13.85–21.02%, 2.45–2.90%, 0.82–0.94%, 4.11–4.22, 2104–2454 cP and 42.0–47.0 mL/100 g, respectively. The mean concentrations in the yoghurts of these minerals were 104.66–118.94 calcium, 95.81–112.42 phosphorus and 13.47–15.04 magnesium as mg/100 g, 235.00–254.00 iron, 429.00–453.00 zinc and 70.45–122.90 copper as μg/100 g. The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) was calculated on the basis of the intake of one yoghurt portion (125 g).