The Matter which may be: Sectarian Dilemmas of Materiality in Bahrain

Abstract

This article discusses different approaches to materiality and material expressions of cultural identity in contemporary Bahrain, a small Arab Gulf state. Various Islamic traditions have different understandings of materiality and its ontological qualities. In the contemporary Gulf this difference is often understood as a sectarian difference between Sunni and Shia Muslims, a division that has gained increasing political importance in recent years. In this article I discuss how these traditions view materiality in religion, in particular focusing on the role of material mediation for Shia Muslims, exemplified by the use and meaning of the turba prayer stone. With this as a point of departure I discuss two other forms of materiality—political graffiti and martyr images—that in the wake of the uprising in 2011 have also been imbued with sectarian meanings, but where this is less clear. I therefore argue that vernacular understandings of material culture show ambiguous identifications that challenge the clear dichotomies with which people—locally and analytically —often operate.     

自我物化于男权机制下的女人——《胎记》中乔治亚娜之死的深层原因探析

《胎记》表面上描写的是凡人追求完美而遭受挫败的寓言,但实际上是记录了一个血淋淋的“杀妻”事件,一个男性社会机制对女性的物化及女性自我物化的悲剧。换一句话说,《胎记》不仅触及并揭露的是男性社会欺凌、扼杀女性的罪恶,而且还对女性自我否定和自我物化,自愿放弃主体地位的奴性进行了批判。     

Roles of Sexual Objectification Experiences and Internalization of Standards of Beauty in Eating Disorder Symptomatology: A Test and Extension of Objectification Theory.

This study extends the literature on eating disorder symptomatology by testing, based on extant literature on objectification theory (B. L. Fredrickson & T. Roberts, 1997) and the role of sociocultural standards of beauty (e.g., L. J. Heinberg, J. K. Thompson, & S. Stormer, 1995), a model that examines (a) links of reported sexual objectification experiences to eating disorder-related variables and (b) the mediating roles of body surveillance, body shame, and internalization of sociocultural standards of beauty. Consistent with hypotheses, with a sample of 221 young women, support was found for a model in which (a) internalization of sociocultural standards of beauty mediated the links of sexual objectification experiences to body surveillance, body shame, and eating disorder symptoms, (b) body surveillance was an additional mediator of the link of reported sexual objectification experiences to body shame, and (c) body shame mediated the links of internalization and body surveillance to disordered eating. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Concept evolution in architectural design: an octonary framework

A framework that integrates the fragmented elements of concept derivation, processing, and translation is developed and discussed. This framework aims to consolidate the divergent components of design conception into a comprehensive system that facilitates design conceptualization, initiation, and integration of various concept evolution phases, components, layers, and aspects. Accordingly, the framework describes a comprehensive approach based on a series of alternating divergence/convergence cycles. Subsequently, the approach encompasses a concept evolution process, derivation methods, aggregation/segregation technique, translation channels, and development layers. Each of the major divergent phases of the framework consists of eight parts. Furthermore, the skills and tasks associated with framework implementation are mapped into the main processing phases. The scope of this study is architectural design in higher education and practice. To demonstrate its applicability, the framework is implemented and illustrated by a case study. Reflections about its implementation and limitations are reported and discussed.     

Objectification theory and deaf cultural identity attitudes: Roles in deaf women's eating disorder symptomatology.

This study examined the generalizability of direct and mediated links posited in objectification theory among internalization of sociocultural standards of beauty, body surveillance, body shame, and eating disorder symptoms with a sample of Deaf women. The study also examined the role of marginal Deaf cultural identity attitudes within this framework. Data from 177 Deaf women indicated positive relations among internalization, body surveillance, body shame, and eating disorder symptomatology. Consistent with tenets of objectification theory, body shame mediated the links of internalization and body surveillance with eating disorder symptoms. In addition, marginal Deaf identity attitudes (but not hearing, immersion, or bicultural attitudes) were linked uniquely with eating disorder constructs and had significant indirect relations through internalization with body surveillance, body shame, and eating disorder symptoms. Implications for practice and future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

论马克思的对象化范畴

对象化是马克思哲学的一个重要范畴.马克思赋予对象化新的内涵,并在把实践理解为"对象性活动"的基础上,深刻批判了包括费尔巴哈在内的一切旧哲学,实现了哲学史上的伟大变革.拟通过考察对象化范畴的历史嬗变及其在马克思哲学中的新内涵,探究对象化范畴在马克思哲学建构中的地位和作用,达致对马克思的实践范畴、马克思的哲学革命及其意义以及马克思思想发展的连续性和内在逻辑的更深层的理解.     

Power and the objectification of social targets.

Objectification has been defined historically as a process of subjugation whereby people, like objects, are treated as means to an end. The authors hypothesized that objectification is a response to social power that involves approaching useful social targets regardless of the value of their other human qualities. Six studies found that under conditions of power, approach toward a social target was driven more by the target's usefulness, defined in terms of the perceiver's goals, than in low-power and baseline conditions. This instrumental response to power, which was linked to the presence of an active goal, was observed using multiple instantiations of power, different measures of approach, a variety of goals, and several types of instrumental and noninstrumental target attributes. Implications for research on the psychology of power, automatic goal pursuit, and self-objectification theory are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

轨道交通征地拆迁信息管理系统设计与实现

以武汉地铁集团征地拆迁信息管理系统建设为例,详细介绍了轨道交通征地拆迁信息管理系统的功能设计与实现,满足了对地铁新线建设项目用地红线信息、土地信息、征地、拆迁、借地等空间对象化管理,为领导或相关部门分析决策提供翔实准确的实时数据保障。     

人工智能背景下的中医舌诊客观化研究概述

为了促进中医舌诊的标准化和客观化,推动中医舌诊客观化研究,探究以深度学习为代表的人工智能技术在舌诊客观化领域的应用现状和研究水平,文章以舌像的采集-预处理-图像识别-客观诊断为主线,对舌像辩证自动化的新方法进行了归纳和总结。通过方法综述,为智能化舌诊和中医现代化研究提供方法参考和研究思路,促进人工智能技术在中医舌诊领域的深度发展。     

成像光线追踪的舌面彩色三维成像方法研究

在中医舌诊的客观化研究中,舌面的彩色三维数据能为医生提供更全面的信息,提高诊断的准确性。提出了一种基于成像光线追踪的舌面彩色三维成像方法。在成像光线追踪模型的基础上,引入光平面约束,以准确确定成像点到空间测量点的映射,结合2个线结构光传感器的扫描测量,分别获取舌头上表面及下表面完整的三维信息,并根据空间测量点到成像点的映射,完成颜色渲染,获取对应测量空间点的颜色信息。设计并研制了舌面彩色三维成像系统,进行了测量及精度验证实验,实验结果表明该方法可以准确获取舌面的彩色三维信息。