工程钻机在沙卵石地区的物探钻井

川西平原属沉积平原，不到2m厚的表土下面全是沙卵石，沙卯石厚度达二、三十米。地面覆盖农田，沟垄纵横，限制了车载钻机的进入。以往地震勘探多采取浅井组合方式激发，所获得的地震资料能量差、面波强，对农田破坏面积大。若使用SH30—2A型轻便工程钻机，配上自制的冲击管，采取冲击钻进，从管中下药柱的方式，可实现沙卵石地区的深井激发，提高资料采集质量，且效率高、成本低。     

球式热风炉球床结构的热工讨论

球式热风炉作为低成本，高效率的冶金炉已被越来越多的钢铁企业所采用，广钢新3号高炉首次采用球式热风炉，炉子的球床结构，球径大小，材质的选择都将对球式热风炉的热工性能产生重要的影响。本文主要从热工理论方面探讨了球床结构的合理性。     

An Investigation of Stochastic Nature of Bed Load Motion in Chuanjiang River

Bed Load Motion and its transport rate is one of the basic issues in river dynamics.In this paper, the authors discussed the stochastic nature of bed load motion in Chuanjiang River in details.Chungjiang lies in the upstream reach of Yangtze River.Its stochastic nature is shown in the following four aspects.Firstly, even though all the conditions are the same,due to the fluctuation of the flow,the bed load discharge and the location and width of sediment transport belts are different.Secondly,during the process of bed load motion, pebbles show the strong nature of intermittence.Thirdly,the sediment discharges through upstream and down- stream reach are not equal,i.e.the pebble motion exists the discontinuity.Fourthly,annual mean transport rates of bed load for different stations are different and variation of transport rate of pebbles for a given station with year is large.The four aspects will be discussed one by one detailedly.     

Using thorium to reduce the maximum fuel temperatures during depressurized loss of coolant accidents in a once-through-then-out (OTTO) PBMR DPP-400 core

This article presents the results for the PBMR-DPP-400, but for a once-through-then-out (OTTO) refueling scheme. An optimization attempt of the axial and radial power profiles is reported. The main aim was to reduce the maximum depressurized loss of forced coolant (DLOFC) temperature by adding thorium to the fuel and making the fuel layout radially asymmetric by placing lower enriched fuel in the inner and higher enriched fuel in the outer fuel flow regions. These measures (1) flattened the peaks in the axial power profiles and thus suppressed the hotspots in the axial DLOFC temperature profiles and (2) ‘pushed’ the power radially outwards, so as to reduce the distance that the decay heat must be evacuated towards the outside of the fuel core. This resulted in a huge reduction in the maximum DLOFC temperature for the OTTO cycle from 2273 to 1811 °C, which is still above the 1600 °C limit but represents a remarkable result. Maximum DLOFC temperature below the 1600 °C limit was obtained by reducing the power output. The results obtained and the proposed strategies for further improvement are applicable to the Chinese HTR-PM and could produce even better results in Prismatic Block Reactors such as the Japanese HTTR.     

高温堆燃料元件气动力提升过程的数值模拟

为研究高温气冷堆中燃料球的气动力提升过程,本文采用三维计算流体力学数值模拟与三自由度动力学仿真解耦的方法对燃料球的运动轨迹进行了模拟。通过计算流体力学方法计算了燃料球在提升管内所受的气动力,运用三自由度动力学仿真给出了燃料球在输送管道内的运动轨迹。将数值模拟的运动轨迹与实验测量的结果进行对比发现,本文数值模拟可准确地预测燃料球的运动轨迹和碰撞次数,与实验结果相符。这表明本文方法可用于模拟高温堆燃料球的气动力提升过程。     

含石量对砂卵石土的颗粒破碎及强度与变形的影响研究

为探究含石量对不同围压下砂卵石土的颗粒破碎及抗剪强度与变形特性的影响,利用室内大型三轴试验仪开展了固结排水剪切试验。试验设计了0~100%之间5级含石量,在0.5 MPa、1.5 MPa、2.5 MPa三种不同围压条件下进行固结排水三轴剪切试验。基于试验结果,分析了含石量及围压对砂卵石土抗剪强度和剪胀、剪缩特性的影响,并分析了相应的颗粒破碎情况。试验结果表明,在相同含石量下,砂卵石土抗剪强度随着围压的升高不断增加,体变初期表现为明显剪缩,之后剪胀性随围压升高而降低,颗粒破碎率随围压升高而增加;在相同围压下,含石量在50%~75%时,颗粒破碎率最大,并出现最大抗剪强度,而围压越高,试样剪胀越不明显。     

在碎块石、漂卵石地层中钻探施工经验

在碎块石、漂卵石地层中钻探,不可盲目追求钻孔进尺,且深孔钻探时新旧套管不宜混用,要严格控制钻孔偏斜。     

富水卵石土地层盾构隧道运营对环境影响分析

针对富水卵石土地层颗粒分布不均、卵石含量高等特点,以成都某地铁区间隧道工程为背景,采用FLAC3D软件分析了列车振动荷载作用下地表及建筑物的竖向动力响应特性。结果表明:随着距轨道水平距离的增大,地表竖向动力响应逐渐减弱,且在距隧道较近处衰减缓慢,在较远处衰减明显;整体上建筑物的动力响应随楼层升高有缓慢增大的趋势;随着水平距离的增加,同一楼层处的动力响应有显著的衰减现象,且距离越远衰减幅度越大;地表和建筑物的动力响应均集中在0~12 Hz和20~25 Hz两个频率带内,属于低频振动。研究结果可为进一步完善城市振动控制标准提供参考。     

预加固砂卵石层水平定向钻进孔壁稳定性分析

砂卵石地层在非开挖钻进过程中容易出现塌孔现象,本文基于弹性理论,通过对预加固砂卵石地层水平定向钻孔孔壁弹性力学分析,分析了加固后水平钻孔不同侧压力系数条件下的受力状态,得出了不同条件下保持孔壁稳定的预加固要求。     

骨架密实型二灰集料的室内击实试验研究

采用碎卵石作为集料,通过分析二灰集料室内击实试验和无侧限抗压强度试验,探讨了不同级配类型对二灰集料最大干密度和最佳含水量的影响,及其对二灰集料无侧限抗压强度的影响,得出了相应的变化规律。