Lateral Walking-Induced Forces on Footbridges

In the last several years many cases of large amplitude horizontal vibrations of footbridges have been observed, due to dynamic interaction between the walkers and the footbridge, which may occur when some conditions on the bridge mass, frequency and damping, as well as on the crowd density are met. Such interaction is an intriguing phenomenon, as it is associated with the dynamics of a complex system made of a structure and a number of walkers, the dynamics of the latter being governed by physiology and psychology. Provided this complexity, in this paper a preliminary step is made toward the modeling of the interaction forces exerted by a crowd to a footbridge. The results of an experimental investigation of the lateral forces exerted by one walker to a fixed floor are presented, and used to calibrate a deterministic and stochastic lateral loading models of footbridges, to be used in the case in which no interaction takes place. The results presented are also the background data for more sophisticated dynamic models allowing for bridge-crowd interaction.     

Bridge design with reserve and residual reliability constraints

System reliability is evolving as an important design method for selecting components and topology. It should be used to investigate the original intact structure behavior as well as providing sufficient reserve capacity under likely accident and damage scenarios. Highway bridges are an area of special concern since effort to optimize the cost of construction may not provide adequate redundant capacity. The paper describes an example in which a typical girder bridge structure is optimized (both size and girder spacing) to achieve target system performance. System reliability constraints are imposed on the behavior of the intact structure under highway loads. Also, residual system reliability constraints are imposed to control safety under specified accident scenarios corresponding to damage and “lost” members due to corrosion, fatigue, fire or accidental collisions. An optimal design framework for controlling safety under all these life cycle situations is thus provided.     

某商品大集人员疏散的仿真模拟研究

目前,在各地均有商贸活动开展,且参与人员众多,如果公安机关事先未做好预案,一旦发生突发性事件,人员疏散不到位,极易造成群死群伤事件。文章以商品大集为例,构建参与人员的流动模型,利用计算机技术实现流量和流动状况的模拟仿真,获得接近实际的流动的时间和动态过程．利于事先对类似活动拥堵情况进行准确评估。     

混凝土桥及其高性能材料2020年度研究进展

为了解2020年混凝土桥及其高性能材料研究方向的发展动态,并在总结其研究内容、方法和成果的基础上更好地开展后续研究,从混凝土桥、高性能混凝土材料及高性能加劲筋材3方面着手,查阅近期文献,并进行分类、总结和评述。研究发现：目前,混凝土桥方向较为关注运维阶段的耐久性能、极端环境下的工作性能及混凝土桥运营事故等问题;高性能混凝土材料的研究进展在高性能、绿色环保以及智能化3个方面表现突出;高性能筋材则主要围绕强度更高、更耐久的FRP筋展开研究,其在梁、板、柱等构件上的应用得到积极的探索。对现有研究的不足和有待深化的问题提出初步建议,期待与相关学者共同努力,为该方向的进一步发展做出贡献。     

Fall detection for multiple pedestrians using depth image processing technique

A fall detection method based on depth image analysis is proposed in this paper. As different from the conventional methods, if the pedestrians are partially overlapped or partially occluded, the proposed method is still able to detect fall events and has the following advantages: (1) single or multiple pedestrian detection; (2) recognition of human and non-human objects; (3) compensation for illumination, which is applicable in scenarios using indoor light sources of different colors; (4) using the central line of a human silhouette to obtain the pedestrian tilt angle; and (5) avoiding misrecognition of a squat or stoop as a fall. According to the experimental results, the precision of the proposed fall detection method is 94.31% and the recall is 85.57%. The proposed method is verified to be robust and specifically suitable for applying in family homes, corridors and other public places.     

一种特征点格驻留元胞自动机人群场景分析方法

为了通过视频场景人群状态分析及预报达到预防公共场所发生安全事故的目的,提出了一种改进的特征点格内驻留CA模型(inner-grid parking CA,IPCA).依据行人行进速度各不相同的特点,将元胞内特征点移动速度的取值范围和方式进行了趋真模拟;在元胞格内引入驻留时间以消除个体行进中的位置误差;采用符合人类视野描述的三角形视场所覆盖的元胞确定前向及内容参数.实验结果表明,改进后的模型不依赖于行人行进时在特定视频帧中反映的运动信息,仿真效果趋近真实视频场景状态,具有更高的准确性.     

离散小波变换Haar-LL的行人检测研究

提出一种基于二维离散Haar小波变换的局部二值模式(LBP)与局部梯度模式(LGP)的特征融合方法。对图像进行二维离散Haar小波变换,得到4个不同频率的子图像,对低频部分子图像提取LBP特征,对3个高频部分子图像提取LGP特征,将3个LGP特征并接融合后与LBP特征串接融合进行行人检测。在Matlab环境下利用支持向量机(SVM)对INRIA数据集进行5组实验,分别将该方法与梯度方向直方图(HOG)、金字塔梯度方向直方图(PHOG)、LBP、LGP进行检测率、检测时间、光照鲁棒性以及噪声鲁棒性对比。综合各项实验数据表明,该方法在光照鲁棒性以及噪声鲁棒性方面都能取得更好的效果。     

采用截面流量统计的高密度人群行人计数

利用摄像头实现行人计数在智能视频监控领域有着重要的价值,但是行人互相遮挡、噪声、摄像机透视效果和图像背景等问题影响了人群计数的准确性.针对高密度人群场景的行人计数准确率的问题,提出了基于截面流量统计的行人计数方法,该方法基于梯度运动历史图像检测前景,并用有效运动图像改进了基于特征提取的行人计数方法,结合运动速度提取方法实现了行人计数.实验结果表明,提出的计数方法在高密度人群场景中具有较高的准确率和实时性,是一种针对高密度人群有效的行人计数方法.     

基于行走拓扑结构分析的行人检测

针对计算机视觉应用中的行人检测,当运动目标受到非刚性形变、光照、色彩和遮挡等因素影响时如何建立高鲁棒性的特征描述,本文提出了一种基于语义级行走动作拓扑结构的行人特征,对上述噪声和运动参数不敏感,并且数据量小。算法首先由运动能量图像(MEI,motion energy image)建立行走动态数据,然后抽象为骨架拓扑结构,输入二级级联检测器完成检测。实验表明,该算法可以有效地在光照、形变和遮挡等情况下对行人进行检测。     

排队等待区行人服务水平评价方法

通过行人问卷调查分析了排队等待区行人主观感受和等待区的设备条件、交通条件等因素之间的关系,利用数理统计方法确定了等待区行人服务水平评价的指标体系.提出了排队等待区行人服务水平模糊综合评价方法.通过实例验证了评价方法的有效性.