独立战争后美国高等教育慈善事业分析

发端于殖民地时期的美国高等教育慈善事业,独立战争后面临宗主国英国关闭捐赠之门以及各州开始逐渐介入高等教育事务等形势变化的挑战。与殖民地时期一样,此时期公益慈善事业仍然是美国高等教育的主要支撑者。虽然此时期开始有大笔捐赠出现,但小型捐赠和募集的方式仍然非常普遍。但与殖民地时期不同的是,此时期的美国高等教育慈善事业开始关注教育实验,并在新的形势下开辟新的高等教育慈善领域。     

基于简单博弈模型的策略性企业慈善行为对策论

文章运用简单博弈模型（囚徒困境、公共物品博弈和私人物品博弈）探讨推动策略性企业慈善行为的主要对策，强调鼓励信息披露和企业集体行动、推广企业社会责任认证（SA8000）、强化社会监管与制裁、充分发挥企业自身资源优势、变革企业组织结构等是化解企业慈善行为决策博弈困境的根本途径。     

Depicting distant suffering: evangelicals and the politics of pictorial humanitarianism in the age of american empire

ABSTRACT

This article analyzes the visual culture of late-nineteenthcentury humanitarianism on display in evangelical periodicals. Probing how American evangelicals exploited innovations in print journalism and photography to arouse sympathy for suffering strangers during the 1890s illumines the linkages between late-nineteenth-century pictorial humanitarianism and earlier struggles to abolish slavery, while also foreshadowing the increasing entanglement of appeals for aid with the sensationalistic mass culture that intensified after the turn of the century. Studying the visual strategies evangelicals employed to inspire empathetic engagement with distant and culturally different others in an increasingly modern, interconnected, and imperial era also exposes the ambivalent and contested nature of late-nineteenth-century humanitarianism. While American Protestants shared many assumptions about the nature of Christian charity, conflicting perspectives on the ethics of “sensational journalism,” diverging views on the spiritual integrity of American culture, and contrary opinions about the probity of American imperial expansion produced subtle but significant differences in attitudes toward almsgiving. The “collective culture of humanitarianism” that emerged during the 1890s was, I argue, shot through with tensions and fissures made visible in the diverse ways evangelicals dealt with the challenges of depicting distant suffering.     

Leveraging energy efficiency to finance public-private social housing projects

The Italian housing model relies on a high rate of privately owned houses. In comparison, few dwellings are built and managed by the public sector. The social housing stock has been built mainly during some post-second world war decades; instead, since the early nineties, it underwent a privatization process.Such a model is inefficient and iniquitous in the long run. Therefore, after being disregarded for several years, social housing has gone back to be among the main agenda items. Nonetheless, due to the lack of public grants, new funding sources are required. The government now fosters an increasing involvement of private finance through Public-Private Partnership schemes.A first outcome can be found in some pioneering experiences. Their comparative analysis allows bringing out worthwhile findings, which are useful to steer housing policies. Moderate to low yields entail the need to involve new kinds of private entities, particularly those adopting a venture philanthropy approach. Meanwhile, building energy performance measures are a crucial driver of feasibility. They allow the tenants to be willing to pay agreed rents somehow higher than both social rents of protected tenancies and fair rents of regulated tenancies.     

天津盐商与慈善事业

天津盐业自古有之,盐业的生产、运销也促进了天津经济的繁荣,并造就了一批资财丰厚,家业富足的盐商。这些盐商不仅在天津的文化教育等方面做出了重要贡献,而且在天津还兴办了一系列慈善事业,在诸如育婴、恤嫠、济贫、免费施种牛痘、施粥、义冢等常规慈善事业以及突发事件如水旱灾害等发生时的应急救济中发挥了很大的作用。盐商经营慈善事业除了受到儒佛道思想的影响以外,还为了保护家产,树立良好的社会公众形象。