沥青路面使用性能综合评价研究

以内蒙古大学校级科研项目为依托,利用模糊数学对东康旧线路面使用性能进行了分段综合评价,取得了理想效果,为制定合理的路面养护决策提供定量参考。     

半球摇摆转子泵生产开发可行性研究

本文以半球摇摆转子泵生产开发为对象,利用财务分析和风险决策分析给出了一个动态可行性分析方法,特别是对产销量关系给出了一个风险决策模型,对其开发提出了适度发展的产业化策略.该方法对企业经营决策具有现实的指导意义.     

机构综合,方案选择中的综合决策

在机构综合,方案选择中出现多因素,多方案要求评判时,采用模糊数学中的综合决策,能合理全面,科学客观地评判出最佳方案以及其余备择方案的优劣顺序,供设计者拍板决断.     

谈公路工程投标报价的决策与技巧

论述了国内公路工程投标报价决策的方法,阐明了不平衡报价、先亏后赢报价、多方案报价方法在工程中的应用技巧,以期在承揽施工任务的报价过程中,充分发挥企业优势,达到既中标又能盈利的目的。     

Challenges to integrating planning and policy-making with environmental assessment on a regional scale – a multi-institutional perspective

Abstract

Regional environmental assessment (EA) requires the participation of policy- and plan-making institutions to formulate, implement and monitor regional environmental management strategies. However, there is little understanding of what effective integration is in the context of regional EA and from the perspectives of planners and policy-makers involved. This paper seeks to explore how institutional actors perceive cross-domain integration vis-à-vis their own involvement in regional EAs. Thirty-eight participants from four regional EA initiatives in Canada shared their perspectives in an online survey. Three types of silo effects are identified: (1) institutional – intricately linked to factors such as coordination, goals and expectations, leadership and capacity; (2) disciplinary – characterized by limited communication and scepticism around data sharing; and (3) transactional – tendency of actors to emphasize individual narrow perspective rather than collective social and environmental outcomes. Additional findings reveal the importance of learning and multiple domain expertise as opportunities for enhancing cross-domain integration in regional EA practice. Finally, the study concludes that proactive consideration of potential silo effects is necessary for improved regional EA outcomes, and to facilitate more effective regional resource governance.     

UK implementation of agri-environment regulation 2078/92/EEC: enthusiastic supporter or reluctant participant?

This paper discusses the UK response to Agri-environment Regulation 2078/92/EEC, which recognized the need for increased emphasis to be placed on the landscape and environmental value of agriculture. It is argued that the UK has been a reluctant participant in the Regulation and that it has largely failed to put into place an innovative and far-sighted policy package when opportunities were offered in the early 1990s. Four specific reasons are discussed that help explain the reluctance to expand substantially the UK agri-environmental programme. Top-down policy-making structures have hindered the incorporation of ideas from the grassroots level; a predominance of productivist thinking amongst policy makers has reduced the urge for comprehensive, holistic and well-funded agri-environmental schemes; an historically strong emphasis on targeted habitat protection has hampered the introduction of horizontal agri-environmental measures; and the changing role of pressure groups within the agri-environmental policy bargaining process has resulted in policy incrementalism rather than reform. The paper concludes by arguing that state and non-state policy makers in the UK need to rethink their agri-environmental policy approaches if more sustainable and effective policies are to be implemented in the future.     

Use of quantitative models in UK economic appraisal and policy-making

Quantitative models are used extensively in economic policy-making and forecasting. It is argued that the way that they are used is rather different from the usual formal account of their role, because of the political and social realities of the appraisal and policy-making process. After reviewing the standard account of the use of models, the paper provides an alternative account and attempts to document it with quotations from politicians and economic policy advisers. The conclusion discusses possible implications for other disciplines where quantitative models are an input into the policymaking process.     

科技政策制定中的公众和谐参与模式研究

和谐社会构建必然要求有序的和谐的公众参与。科技政策制定中的公众和谐参与表现为促进科技政策过程的和谐、加强公众与政府和科学家之间的互动;培育理性并具有更高参与能力的社会公众等。加强科技政策制．定中的公众和谐参与,需要强化公众全面理解科学的教育;健全公众和谐参与的法律与制度体系;构建参与型科技政策文化;拓宽公众和谐参与的公共领域等。     

决策树分类算法在寿险客户数据挖掘中的应用

将决策树分类算法引入寿险客户资源数据挖掘,在对原始数据进行多种预处理后,得到训练样本集,采用ID3算法定量计算训练集样本中各属性互信息,迅速建立一颗客户品质评价决策树,实现了对寿险客户群体的正确分类.     

Dutch urban renewal, transformation of the policy discourse 1960–2000

Since the sixties of the twentieth century, thepolicy of the Dutch government on urban renewalhas been subject to three approaches, each onedifferent from the others. Up until thebeginning of the seventies, the accent was onthe expansion of the function of the largercities as economic centers. The expansion ofthe inner city for that purpose proceeded atthe expense of the residential function of thebuilt-up area. Later, the main goal was justthe opposite; attention was turned to thequantitative and qualitative reinforcement ofthe urban residential function of the citycenter and its surrounding urban residentialneighborhoods. Under that approach, the accentwas placed on improving the housing conditionsof the `sitting' residents. Accordingly, theconstruction program consisted for the mostpart of social housing that was extrainexpensive. In the course of the nineties,this so-called classic urban renewal approachwas displaced by urban revitalization. The newapproach placed the accent on strengthening thecompetitive position of cities as locations forpromising economic sectors and households withhigher incomes. This article attempts to characterize these`shifts' in policy on the grounds of a methodderived from discourse theory, which is brieflyexplained in the second section. The thirdsection typifies the policy philosophy of eachof the approaches and attempts to characterizethe changes in the policy discourse in relationto the continually changing combinations ofsocietal events and situations that, from theperspective of the policy sector, were eithernot foreseen or difficult to influence.Looking at the way policy has developed over alonger period, it seems to be less of arational learning process than a`merry-go-round' of fixed themes, visions, andsolutions that jostle for priority and keepcoming back only to disappear again. Furthermore, the logical consistency of apolicy philosophy – for instance, betweennormative and causal assumptions and measures proves to be more the exception than therule.