水源水中AOC和BDOC的去除

试验研究了预氯化+常规处理工艺(混凝-沉淀-砂滤)对某水源水中AOC和BDOC的去除,结果表明:水源水中AOC和BDOC占总有机碳(以NPOC计)的比值都在9.5%左右,AOC和BDOC含量基本相同,平均质量浓度分别为316.2μg/L和329μg/L。常规工艺对AOC几乎没有去除作用,多数情况下出厂水AOC浓度在氯的氧化作用下升高,平均增加71%;出厂水AOC平均质量浓度为206.4μg/L,属于生物不稳定饮用水。BDOC的平均去除率为63.8%,偏高于一般研究结果。     

预氯化去除饮用水水源中高浓度氨氮等污染因子的应急处理研究

从水污染应急的角度,进行了氨氮的应急处理研究.氨氮去除采用常规工艺与预氯化为主要预氧化工艺比较试验.结果表明,常规的混凝,沉淀工艺对氨氮的去除作用有限,其主要作用仅为去除水中的致浊物质及部分有机物.在投加次氯酸钠作为预氧化药剂之后,发现其具有较好的去除氨氮的效果,当原水氨氮的质量浓度在1.0mg·L~(-1)左右时,次氯酸钠投加量为8.4mg·L~(-1),能够高效地去除氨氮,沉后水氨氮质量浓度为0.292mg·L~(-1)(达到国家一级水源水质标准),去除率为68.78%,UV_(254)也有32.26%的去除率;如同时需要更高的UV_(254)的去除率,则可选用次氯酸钠9.6mg·L~(-1)的投加量,此时氨氮的去除率为87.20%,水源水的氨氮质量浓度在0.123 mg·L~(-1)的水平,同时UV_(254)的去除率可以达到45.16%,从而控制THMs和THMFP这些毒副产物形成量在相当低的水平,是最理想的选择.此法在短时间内作为去除氨氮这种毒性很强的物质的应急使用是可行的,但不能长期使用,因为对微污染水源而言,如投氯量把握不当,则也会产生较多的毒副产物,对饮用水的质量安全构成明显影响.     

非常规炭材料去除预氯化“三致”物研究进展

常规活性炭材料对卤乙酸具有较好的去除效果,但是对三卤甲烷去除效果不理想,因此需要考虑改性及新型炭材料的应用.综述了改性活性炭吸附法去除预氯化"三致"物的进展,为活性炭改性与其他工艺联用去除"三致"物奠定资料基础,并对目前改性活性炭中存在的问题进行了分析评述,指出新型纳米活性炭材料在水处理领域的发展前景.     

传统加氯工艺的优化控制

加氯消毒是制水厂最基本且最重要的水处理单元,文章对某水厂现有加氯工艺进行研究探讨,并对该加氯工艺进行优化控制,以确保水质卫生学指标安全,降低氯消毒副产物(如THMs)的生成量。     

高藻水的预氯化技术优化探讨

对预氯化过程中的投氯量、反应时间等反应条件的控制以及当原水中藻类数量、酚类物质含量特别高时,预氯化、粉末活性炭的联用等作了论述。认为如果能很好地控制预氯化的反应时间、投氯量,预氯化不会明显增加水厂出水中三致物质的量;预氯化与粉末活性炭联用时,两工艺之间应间隔适当的时间,以减轻氯对粉末活性炭吸附的影响。     

Comparing polyaluminum chloride and ferric chloride for antimony removal

Antimony has been one of the contaminants required to be regulated, however, only limited information has been collected to date regarding antimony removal by polyaluminium chloride (PACl) and ferric chloride (FC). Accordingly, the possible use of coagulation by PACl or FC for antimony removal was investigated. Jar tests were used to determine the effects of solution pH, coagulant dosage, and pre-chlorination on the removal of various antimony species. Although high-efficiency antimony removal by aluminum coagulation has been expected because antimony is similar to arsenic in that both antimony and arsenic are a kind of metalloid in group V of the periodic chart, this study indicated: (1) removal density (arsenic or antimony removed per mg coagulant) for antimony by PACl was about one forty-fifth as low as observed for As(V); (2) although the removal of both Sb(III) and Sb(V) by coagulation with FC was much higher than that of PACl, a high coagulant dose of 10.5mg of FeL(-1) at optimal pH of 5.0 was still not sufficient to meet the standard antimony level of 2 microg as SbL(-1) for drinking water when around 6 microg as SbL(-1) were initially present. Consequently, investigation of a more appropriate treatment process is necessary to develop economical Sb reduction; (3) although previous studies concluded that As(V) is more effectively removed than As(III), this study showed that the removal of Sb(III) by coagulation with FC was much more pronounced than that of Sb(V); (4) oxidation of Sb(III) with chlorine decreased the ability of FC to remove antimony. Accordingly, natural water containing Sb(III) under anoxic condition should be coagulated without pre-oxidation.     

Combination of chlorine and magnetic ion exchange resin for drinking water treatment of algae

The effectiveness of a magnetic ion exchange resin (MIEX) for the treatment of Hongze Lake water in China was evaluated. The kinetics of natural organic matter (NOM) removal at various MIEX doses and contact time, multiple-loading experiments, impacts of MIEX prior to coagulation on coagulant demands and the effectiveness of combination of MIEX, pre-chlorination and coagulation were investigated. Kinetic experimental results show that more than 80% UV₂₅₄ and 67% dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from raw water can be removed by the use of MIEX alone. 94% sulfate, 69% nitrate and 98% bromide removals are obtained after the first use of MIEX in multiple-loading experiments. It is suggested that MIEX can be loaded up to 1 250 bed volume (BV, volume ratio of tested water to resin) or more without saturation when regarding organics removal as a target. MIEX can remove organics to a greater extend than coagulation and lower the coagulant demand when combining with coagulation. Chlorination experimental results show that MIEX can remove 57% chlorine demand and 77% trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) for raw water. Pre-chlorination followed by MIEX and coagulation can give additional organic and THMFP removals. The results suggest that MIEX provides a new method to solve the problem algae reproduction.     

高锰酸钾复合药剂与粉末活性炭联用工艺处理微污染黄河水生产试验研究

通过对预氯化、高锰酸钾复合药剂、高锰酸钾复合药剂与粉末活性炭联用工艺的生产试验研究，证明高锰酸钾复合药剂与粉末活性炭联用对微污染黄河水的除色，除味，除浊，除有机物效果明显。     

高铁酸盐预氧化、絮凝除藻的实验研究

采用高铁酸盐对湖泊、水库水进行预氧化、絮凝除藻,对其除藻的影响因素及其与预氯化除藻效果进行了对比。结果表明,采用高铁酸盐预氧化,投加0.14mg/L就能明显提高聚合铝对含藻类水混凝的除藻率。1.4mg/L高铁酸盐预氧化与20mg/L聚合铝联用的除藻率是单纯投加40mg/L聚合铝的3倍;水样pH对含藻类水处理的影响,除藻率pH5.0>pH7.5>pH10;延长高铁酸盐预氧化时间,除藻率稍有增加,但超过10min,对除藻率影响不大;腐殖酸的存在会明显阻碍聚合铝的除藻效果,而高铁酸盐可消除腐殖酸对聚合铝混凝的阻碍作用;高铁酸盐预氧化、絮凝的除藻效果比预氯化明显,是一种可取代预氯化除藻的新药剂。     

巢湖饮用水水源污染现状与对策

介绍了巢湖饮用水水源区受污染的状况,分析了水源污染给城市供水造成的影响,提出了供水企业在改善水源水质、提高工艺技术、加强生产管理等应对污染的方法和技术.生产实践表明,减少排入水源区的污水量、改善取水条件、原水预氯化杀藻、引入优质水源作为应急对策等措施可有效改善原水水质,粉末活性炭投加、生物膜接触氧化法、化学法除氨氮等技术也在一定程度上提高了净化效果,确保了供水安全.