Markov analysis of qualitative dynamics1

Common sense sometimes predicts events to be likely or unlikely rather than merely possible. We extend methods of qualitative reasoning to predict the relative likelihoods of possible qualitative behaviors by viewing the dynamics of a system as a Markov chain over its transition graph. This involves adding qualitative or quantitative estimates of transition probabilities to each of the transitions and applying the standard theory of Markov chains to distinguish persistent states from transient states and to calculate recurrence times, settling times, and probabilities for ending up in each state. Much of the analysis depends solely on qualitative estimates of transition probabilities, which follow directly from theoretical considerations and which lead to qualitative predictions about entire classes of systems. Quantitative estimates for specific systems are derived empirically and lead to qualitative and quantitative conclusions, most of which are insensitive to small perturbations in the estimated transition probabilities. The algorithms are straightforward and efficient.     

Provision of accuracy for quantitative determination of small amounts of components: Principles of resolving the problem and their realization

Versions are suggested for resolving the problem of monitoring the accuracy of determining small amounts of components in samples of substances and materials. __________ Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 1, pp. 52–57, January, 2006.     

Evaluating Community Safety Programmes and Community Engagement: The Role of Qualitative Methods and Collaborative Approaches to Policy Research

This article explores the role of qualitative and collaborative methods when undertaking evaluation research into local community safety partnerships and neighbourhood strategies. It draws on recent examples of research and evaluation studies of regeneration and community safety programmes in a number of cities and towns in England. The discussion is set against the background of the major changes in policy relating to crime and community safety, particularly the introduction of Crime and Disorder Partnerships and their engagement with local communities. The value of qualitative methods in exploring some key questions is discussed, particularly within a collaborative approach to policy research.     

膨胀弯管在管道柔性设计中的定性分析

为防止管道因热胀冷缩、管道支撑或端点附加位移造成的应力问题,对管线中设置的膨胀弯管进行定性分析.通过2个参数的变化对膨胀弯管进行编号得到多种设计方案,用ANSYS建立管道的有限元模型,并分析各方案中膨胀管道的变形、应力和弯矩等;根据分析结果对膨胀弯管设计半径、设置位置和形状进行定性分析.该定性分析结果可为膨胀弯管概念设计和管道柔性设计提供参考.     

云关系模式及其应用*

在云变换的基础上,结合非经典关系数据库理论提出了云关系模式,给出了云关系模式的定义,探讨了云关系模式的意义,并将它应用于学生成绩数据库中,改进了目前学生定性评定方法,克服了其中的主观因素,实例证明该方法具有可行性.     

MPT-AES定性分析及应用

本文首先讨论了36种元素标准样用MPT-AES定性分析时的行为与定性方法。进而将36种元素定性分析划分为几个波段(nm):190～290、303～380、393～456、588～590、670～671、766～767。之后对粉煤灰进行了定性分析,定性分析14种元素。该机定性分析非常适用于简单体系,也可用于复杂体系中的主要元素定性工作或指定几种元素的定性分析。     

Composing Cardinal Direction Relations Based on Interval Algebra

Direction relations between extended spatial objects are important commonsense knowledge. Skiadopoulos proposed a formal model for representing direction relations between compound regions (the finite union of simple regions), known as SK-model. It perhaps is currently one of most cognitive plausible models for qualitative direction information, and has attracted interests from artificial intelligence and geographic information system. Originating from Allen first using composition table to process time interval constraints; composing has become the key technique in qualitative spatial reasoning to check the consistency. Due to the massive number of basic directions in SK-model, its composition becomes extraordinary complex. This paper proposed a novel algorithm for the composition. Basing the concepts of smallest rectangular directions and its original directions, it transforms the composition of basic cardinal direction relations into the composition of interval relations corresponding to Allen''s interval algebra. Comparing with existing methods, this algorithm has quite good dimensional extendibility, that is, it can be easily transferred to the tridimensional space with a few modifications.     

捕食者有常数投入的n＋1次系统的极限环

主要对一类n＋1次系统dxdt=x（a0＋a1x-a2x2＋a3yn）＋hdydt=y（b1x2-b2）（a0,a1,a2,b1,b2,h＆gt;0,a3为不定号,n≥1,n∈N）进行研究.利用微分方程定性理论,给出该系统平衡点的渐近性态,得到局部性质.找出闭轨线不存在性的充分条件,并给出极限环的存在性和唯一性的条件.     

《结构力学》课程体系设置之探讨

在新形势下,为培养适应社会需求的人才和造就优秀的土木工程师,结构力学作为一门重要的专业基础课,其课程体系的设置不仅需要将原有的内容按照一定的主线进行删减和整合,而且需要注入新的内容,比如大量工程实例、结构分析程序、定性结构力学等。