A multi-objective programming model for scheduling emergency medicine residents

Scheduling emergency medicine residents (EMRs) is a complex task, which considers a large number of rules (often conflicting) related to various aspects such as limits on the number of consecutive work hours, number of day and night shifts that should be worked by each resident, resident staffing requirements according to seniority levels for the day and night shifts, restrictions on the number of consecutive day and night shifts assigned, vacation periods, weekend off requests, and fair distribution of responsibilities among the residents. Emergency rooms (ERs) are stressful workplaces, and in addition shift work is well-known to be more demanding than regular daytime work. For this reason, preparing schedules that suit the working rules for EMRs is especially important for reducing the negative impact on shift workers physiologically, psychologically, and socially. In this paper, we present a goal programming (GP) model that accommodates both hard and soft constraints for a monthly planning horizon. The hard constraints should be adhered to strictly, whereas the soft constraints can be violated when necessary. The relative importance values of the soft constraints have been computed by the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), which are used as coefficients of the deviations from the soft constraints in the objective function. The model has been tested in the ER of a major local university hospital. The main conclusions of the study are that problems of realistic size can be solved quickly and the generated schedules have very high qualities compared to the manually prepared schedules, which require a lot of effort and time from the chief resident who is responsible for this duty.     

辽宁省城镇居民生活用水定额

本文分析了城镇居民生活用水的特点,介绍了辽宁省城镇居民生活用水定额制定的原则、方法。通过对全省县级以上城镇居民生活用水情况的调查,制定适合辽宁省实际情况的城镇居民生活用水定额。     

重油催化裂化沉降器结焦原因分析

分析了重油催化裂化沉降器结焦的原因，认为反应油气中含有催化剂颗粒以及油气中重组分的冷凝是沉降器结焦的物理原因，而重芳烃、胶质、沥青质的高温缩合则是沉降器结焦的化学因素。因此，防止沉降器结焦的关键是抑制油气重组分的冷凝和减少油气在沉降器内的停留时间。     

住宅区室外环境的人情味探索

本文从现代生活对居住环境的要求出发,指出目前我国城市住宅区空间环境规划设计中普遍存在的过于理性化、简单化、标准化的构成模式的不合理性。呼吁建筑师、规划师们应广泛根植于人民,关怀每日所居住的生活环境,了解当地居民的心理机制、行为需求、情感意志、文化趣味等,并以此作为唯一依据,从宏观控制入手,根据住宅区的时空特性进行规划设计,进而创造出能真正适合于当地居住对象所需要的、富有人情味的居住环境,以确保其生活品质。     

西部地区农村留守人口居住社区化研究——以关中地区农民意愿调查为例

随着农村青壮年劳动人口持续大规模地进城务工经商,农村普遍出现了空心村和空巢家庭,产生了留守人口问题.特别是与农户土地分散经营紧密相连的分散居住方式,既缺乏公共设施与公共服务,也浪费稀缺耕地资源,还不利于村民居住生活质量的提高,留守族困境难以化解.文中研究以欠发达地区农村留守家庭为背景,以集聚经济理论为指导,以入户问卷调查数据为依据,借鉴国内外相关理论,运用统计分析和规范分析相结合等方法,系统分析了影响农民居住意愿转变的主要因素与实施路径,继而得出了如下结论:加快区内农业产业化、土地资源优化和农民非农化步伐;实施政府规划和社区基础设施及公共服务设施投入先行;在尊重农民意愿的基础上,稳步推进农村新型社区建设,实现农民居住社区化和居住生活质量提高,有效化解留守族困境,全面建设社会主义新农村.     

A constraint programming-based solution approach for medical resident scheduling problems

Persistent calls come from within the graduate medical education community and from external sources for regulating the resident duty hours in order to meet the obligations about the quality of resident education, the well-being of residents themselves, and the quality of patient care services. The report of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) proposes common program requirements for resident hours. In this paper, we first develop a mixed-integer programming model for scheduling residents’ duty hours considering the on-call night, day-off, rest period, and total work-hour ACGME regulations as well as the demand coverage requirements of the residency program. Subsequently, we propose a column generation model that consists of a master problem and an auxiliary problem. The master problem finds a configuration of individual schedules that minimizes the sum of deviations from the desired service levels for the day and night periods. The formulation of this problem is possible by representing the feasible schedules using column variables, whereas the auxiliary problem finds the whole set of feasible schedules using constraint programming. The proposed approach has been tested on a series of problems using real data obtained from a hospital. The results indicate that high-quality schedules can be obtained within a few seconds.     

改进移民安置规划设计适应新的移民法规政策环境

2007年,水力发电工程学会水库经济专业委员会已成立20周年。为此,就水电工程移民安置规划设计历程进行了回顾,对政策法规、设计管理、移民补偿政策、技术标准等方面进行了总结评价。结合贯彻移民条例．从规划设计任务、指导思想、补偿政策、安置方式等方面分析了做好移民安置规划设计工作的调整思路：提出了积极探索创新移民安置方式、严格实物指标调查工作、合理安排设计周期的建议。     

唐检测器的驻留时间及检测性能分析

GPS接收机系统中的搜索检测器对信号的快速可靠捕获有着十分重要的影响。唐检测器计算量适中,在低信噪比下性能优越,受到了广泛关注。本文首先推导了唐检测器平均驻留时间的一般公式,结果显示平均驻留时间与下行计数器值成正比。其次,本文分析和仿真了唐检测器在不同上/下行计数器值下的检测性能,结果表明检测概率随上/下行计数器值的增大而增大。通过适当的设置,在虚警概率为10^-6、信噪比为4 dB的条件下,检测概率可达90%。     

二代证与校园卡融合的通用模型设计

针对第二代居民身份证具有的身份安全认证和信息唯一性的技术特点,以及校园卡具有的园区身份认证、电子钱包消费等服务功能,提出以二代证作为实体证书、校园卡作为应用属性的通用认证模式.采用目录式文件管理多功能区域技术,设计公共扇区,构建基础数据平台同步系统,将二代证与校园卡进行有效融合,实现了证卡的跨行业应用.     

基于城区场景的5G SA网络时长驻留比提升策略研究

5G驻留能力是反映5G用户感知非常重要的一个指标.本文重点对影响5G SA网络时长驻留比的因素进行了分析,从规划、建设、优化和市场营销4个方面提出了具体的提升思路,并从市场、终端和网络3个维度制定了不同的应对策略.从目前的策略实施和应用效果来看,5G SA时长驻留比提升比较明显,对打造5G精品网、促进5G业务分流和提升...