1978年前我国高校工农阶层子女入学优惠政策研究

从高校招生的演变历史看，中国在1978年以前对工农阶层子女实行高校入学优惠政策主要源于国家对这一阶层的特殊偏好而实行平均主义分配政策所致。国家通过报考资格政策、优先录取政策和免试推荐入学政策人为地大幅度提高了工农阶层子女在高校大学生中所占的比例。从公平视角看，这项政策不仅违背了公平原则，而且降低了人才选拔的质量。     

Wastewater reuse and exposure to Legionella organisms

Eight hundred and fifty-two (852) blood sera were drawn in 1980 and 1981 from populations residing in 30 agricultural settlements (having a total population of 16,240). These sera were tested for the presence of antibodies against 15 different antigens of Legionella species (L. pneumophila serogroups 1–8 and seven other Legionella, i.e. bozemanii, gormanii, micdadei, jordanis, dumoffii, longbeacheae and oakridgensis). The results indicate a significant (P < 0.02) excess in the percentage of sera positive for L. pneumophila (serogroups 1–8) among sewage and non-sewage irrigation and fish pond workers as compared to the control group (4.5% vs 1.5%). For the other Legionella species, there was no difference among the above groups. The isolation of L. pneumophila serogroup 4 and five organisms resembling Legionella spp from one oxidation pond used for irrigation strengthens the seroepidemiological findings.     

Neck pain prevalence and associated occupational factors in Portuguese office workers

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the prevalence of neck pain and to identify associated occupational factors in Portuguese office workers.BackgroundThere is still necessary to quantify the association of the use of new technologies with neck pain in office workers.MethodsSix hundred-and-one office workers completed online questionnaires with questions related to anthropometric parameters, work-related variables, workstation setup, and musculoskeletal pain from the Portuguese version of the Standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire.ResultsThe prevalence of neck pain was 56.1%. An average of 35.6% of the office workers with neck pain reported pain in more than three body segments. The significantly risk factors were “age between 50 and 65” [OR: 1.92 (1.26–2.91) P = 0.002], “working without break for 2 h” [OR: 1.82 (1.00–3.31) P = 0.05], “more than 3 h” [OR: 2.41 (1.35–4.10) P = 0.003], screen localization not centered” [OR: 2.01 (1.01–4.00) P = 0.045], and “use of computer mouse more than 50% of the worktime” [OR: 2.05 (1.14–3.71) P = 0.017].ConclusionThere was a high prevalence of neck pain and a considerable number of painful body segments in office workers. Age, working without break, screen localization and the use of computer mouse where the significant risk factors associated with the development of neck pain.Relevance to industryA high prevalence of neck pain and number of areas with pain in office workers require a detailed pain mechanism assessment. There were associated occupational risk factors for the development of neck pain. Call for concerted actions to explore optimal and efficient management plans.     

高支模施工安全管理问题与对策

高支模工程安全管理不仅需要很高的技术,而且安全管理本身也具有较大的随机性,这就导致相关人员在开展安全管理工作时具有一定的难度。面对这一问题,相关监理人员必须从施工方案的审批、应急预案的落实、质量安全作业的施工技术交底和施工过程中所需要的各种原材料进场前的检验等方面加强管理。     

浅谈企业政工干部匮乏的原因及对策

在市场经济大潮中冲击下,企业政工干部队伍出现了后继乏人的尴尬局面。针对这种情况,要着手做要以下四个方面的工作:一是"造势",造有利于推进政工队伍建设的社会舆论;二是"补缺",搞好政工干部队伍的梯队建设;三是"外派",将政工干部放到改革的前沿阵地和艰苦环境中锻炼;四是"解忧",为政工干部解决后顾之忧。只有这样,才能保证企业政工干部队伍迅速健康成长。     

劳务派遣员工流失对策探析——以井下测试公司为例

由于多种原因,井下测试公司招来的劳务派遣员工流失情况比较严重,已经成为公司持续健康发展的一大隐忧。结合我国劳务市场发展的新形势和经济结构转型升级的背景,基于公司劳务派遣员工流失实际情况的分析,本文试从劳务派遣员工群体的就业心态、利益诉求、从业预期和就业内外部环境等方面进行原因探究,并从用工环境改观、分配体制改革、激励机制改善、招工来源改变等方面提出了针对性的解决措施。     

培训新生代农民工是企业与社会进步的要务

我国是农民工大国,新生代农民工是企业的主力。我国工业化率为47%,城市及发展都偏重工业;由工业大国成为工业强国,我们要提升劳动者素能,促进产业结构升级和拉高劳动生产率。推进工业化,建设现代企业和现代国家,政府、企业等当致力于培训农民工,使之成为掌握现代生产技术的现代工人。世界大国均是技工大国,优秀技工是我国参与世界竞争并获胜的保障;实现企业进步和提高社会文明程度,必须让新农民工成为技工和技术能手、技术标兵。     

马鞍山市农民工参加社会保险刍议

随着我市农民工的日益增多,他们面临着养老、失业、看病、工伤等社会保障问题,已成为我市社会经济持续健康发展和城乡一体化进程中不能回避的问题。妥善解决农民工社会保障问题,不仅是解决"三农"问题,也是维护农民工权益,构建和谐社会的必然要求。     

Worker Exposure Monitoring of Suspended Particles in a Thermal Spray Industry

The purpose of the present work was the investigation and characterization of the quality of air in a thermal spray industry, in Greece. The activities that take place in the specific facility, as well as in most other similar industries, include thermal spraying and several mechanical and metallurgical tasks that generate airborne particles, such as grit-blasting, cutting and grinding of metallic components. Since the main focus of this work was the workers exposure to airborne particles and heavy metals, portable air samplers with quartz fiber filters, were used daily for 8 h. Three samplers, carried from different employees, were used for a period of 1 month. Results showed that both particles and heavy metals concentrations were low, even in the production site, which was the most susceptible area. The only exceptions were observed in the case of cleaning and maintenance activities in the thermal spray booth and in the case of spraying outside the booth. The main reason for the low concentrations is the fact that most of the activities that could produce high-particle concentrations are conducted in closed, well-ventilated systems. Statistical elaboration of results showed that particles are correlated with Ni, Cu, Co. The same conclusion is extracted for Fe, Mn. These correlations indicate possible common sources.     

From Job Characteristics to Job Satisfaction of Foreign Workers in Taiwan's Construction Industry: The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among job characteristics, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction of foreign workers in Taiwan. Overall, 440 Thailand foreign workers were recruited and structural equation modeling was used to test the research hypotheses. The results of this study supported all proposed hypotheses. Job characteristics had a positive effect on job satisfaction of foreign workers. However, the results showed an indirect effect of job characteristics on job satisfaction via organizational commitment. Moreover, the findings suggested that job autonomy is better compared to other job characteristics. This study contributes to the existing literature by stressing the importance of such relationships in the cross‐cultural management enterprises, particularly those concerning foreign workers.