土壤中石油污染物的脱附过程

文章中主要采用有机溶剂萃取法（OSE）对高浓度石油污染土壤进行修复，经过精馏操作，有效回收原油，建立脱附等温曲线，研究了石油污染物在土壤-有机溶剂两相间的迁移规律。     

粉喷桩处理软弱地基在祁临高速公路的应用

结合工程实例，介绍了粉喷桩的所属类型，粉喷桩对软弱地基加固的原因，所适应土质及加固特点，阐述了祁临十八合同段的粉喷桩施工过程及施工中应注意的若干问题，得出粉喷桩处理不良地基效果良好。     

河道治理工程水土保持设计

河道治理工程的实施会对工程区域内的自然生态环境和水土保持带来负面影响。以独流减河左堤治理工程为例 ,分析工程建设中可能造成的水土流失影响 ,从工程和生物两方面提出水土保持的防治措施 ,并对其投资进行了初步估算。     

Modeling and assimilation of root zone soil moisture using remote sensing observations in Walnut Gulch Watershed during SMEX04

Soil moisture status in the root zone is an important component of the water cycle at all spatial scales (e.g., point, field, catchment, watershed, and region). In this study, the spatio-temporal evolution of root zone soil moisture of the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW) in Arizona was investigated during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04). Root zone soil moisture was estimated via assimilation of aircraft-based remotely sensed surface soil moisture into a distributed Soil-Water-Atmosphere-Plant (SWAP) model. An ensemble square root filter (EnSRF) based on a Kalman filtering scheme was used for assimilating the aircraft-based soil moisture observations at a spatial resolution of 800 m × 800 m. The SWAP model inputs were derived from the SSURGO soil database, LAI (Leaf Area Index) data from SMEX04 database, and data from meteorological stations/rain gauges at the WGEW. Model predictions are presented in terms of temporal evolution of soil moisture probability density function at various depths across the WGEW. The assimilation of the remotely sensed surface soil moisture observations had limited influence on the profile soil moisture. More specifically, root zone soil moisture depended mostly on the soil type. Modeled soil moisture profile estimates were compared to field measurements made periodically during the experiment at the ground based soil moisture stations in the watershed. Comparisons showed that the ground-based soil moisture observations at various depths were within ± 1 standard deviation of the modeled profile soil moisture. Density plots of root zone soil moisture at various depths in the WGEW exhibited multi-modal variations due to the uneven distribution of precipitation and the heterogeneity of soil types and soil layers across the watershed.     

A One-Dimensional Nonlocal Damage-Plasticity Model for Ductile Materials

This paper presents a new 1-D non-local damage-plasticity deformation model for ductile materials. It uses the thermodynamic framework described in Houlsby and Puzrin (2000) and holds, nevertheless, some similarities with Lemaitre’s (1971) approach. A 1D finite element (FE) model of a bar fixed at one end and loaded in tension at the other end is introduced. This simple model demonstrates how the approach can be implemented within the finite element framework, and that it is capable of capturing both the pre-peak hardening and post-peak softening (generally responsible for models instability) due to damage-induced stiffness and strength reduction characteristic of ductile materials. It is also shown that the approach has further advantages of achieving some degree of mesh independence, and of being able to capture deformation size effects. Finally, it is illustrated how the model permits the calculation of essential work of rupture (EWR), i.e. the specific energy per unit cross-sectional area that is needed to cause tensile failure of a specimen.     

基于遗传算法的土钉支护结构优化设计研究

通过建立三维有限元模型,对土钉支护的变形和受力性能进行分析,得出土钉力的合理分布。在此基础上,考虑土钉支护的水平位移,采用遗传算法,对土钉支护的结构优化设计进行研究,建立了土钉支护结构的优化设计数学模型,并编制了相应的计算程序。通过算例分析,并与基于极限平衡分析的优化结果相比较,得出合理的土钉支护结构设计的参考结论。     

长期酸化对红壤中活性固相铝库大小及亏损程度的影响

用连续分级提取和反复多次酸提取方法研究了长期土壤酸化对红壤固相铝库中铝含量及亏损程度的影响。研究结果表明:嵊县红壤的活性铝库大于永春红壤和屯溪红壤;因永春红壤和屯溪红壤的酸化程度大于嵊县红壤,前两者的有机铝库和无机铝库都比嵊县红壤的亏损,因此反复酸提取过程中铝的释放量也比嵊县红壤少;当高强度酸输入土壤后,弱键合的有机络合态铝可快速活化并亏损,剩余铝库因活性小而释放速率减小,但长期酸化过程中,动力学控制的低活性铝库的活化可能对铝的溶解量仍有重要贡献。     

烧结处理小矿山精矿的应用研究

研究小矿山精矿的性质，分析小矿山精矿对烧结过程的影响，提出了增加小矿山精矿配入量的途径及方法．     

李子溪流域水土流失及泥沙输移规律初步研究

为了探讨长江上游流域水土流失及泥沙输移规律，选取嘉陵江中游的支流李子溪为典型流域进行分析研究，在实地调查，野外测验及应用１９６０年－１９９１年实测降雨、径流、输沙资料的基础上，利用单因子相关分析和多因子回归分析，分别建立了输水利沙量、最大输沙率计算方程。在此基础上，参照径流瞬时单位线原理，以线性时不变系统为基础，建立输沙瞬时单位线模型。通过输沙单位线与时段净侵蚀量的卷积得到流域出口断面的输沙率过程