Restoration of masonry facades, renders and final coats in a severe climate

The restoration of relatively old masonry buildings, 1870-1920, represents about 119930 flats and offices in the 4-5 largest cities in Norway. Driving rain and a severe climate are the key factors for deterioration. The paper describes a case study at the city campus of the University of Oslo.     

Health and Indoor Climate Complaints of 7043 office Workers in 61 Buildings in the Netherlands

During the winter of 1988/1989, the relationships between the prevalence of work-related health and indoor climate complaints and a number of building, management, workplace and personal characteristics have been investigated in a study in more than 60 office buildings located throughout the Netherlands. To collect the information, a questionnaire was prepared on health and indoor climate complaints and personal and workplace characteristics. A checklist was used to obtain information on building characteristics More than 7000 questionnaires were completed by the regular users of the buildings investigated. The results showed that the prevalence of symptoms was higher in air-conditioned buildings than in naturally or mechanically ventilated buildings. some other variables were also related with most work-related complaints after adjustment for selected management, personal, workplace and job characteristics. These included gender, work satisfaction in general, presence of allergies and/or respiratory symptoms, and personal control over temperature at the workplace. No differences were found in symptom prevalences between buildings with spray and steam humidification. The combination of air-conditioning and humidification did not lead to further increases in the prevalence of complaints as compared to buildings with only airconditioning or only humidification.     

安徽泾县新四军军部旧址纪念馆设计

在泾县新四军军部旧址纪念馆的方案创作中,设计者贯彻可持续发展的设计理念,针对场地、气候、自然光三方面阐述了创作过程.     

Impact of whole-building hygrothermal modelling on the assessment of indoor climate in a library building

This paper focuses on the importance of accurately modelling the hygrothermal interaction between the building and its hygroscopic content for the assessment of the indoor climate. Libraries contain a large amount of stored books which require a stable relative humidity to guarantee their preservation. On the other hand, visitors and staff must be comfortable with the indoor climate.     

气候变化研究中的大气垂直结构探测述评

有关大气成分和性质的垂直廓线的观测和资料积累在气候强迫、气候反馈以及有关气候变化研究的许多方面起着关键性作用。关于温室气体、大气气溶胶、水汽、云和温度的大气垂直廓线,目前仍然有许多尚未解决的科学问题;这些问题的解决,对于理解与未来气候变化有关的多种人为和自然因素的作用,以及影响气候变化敏感性的多种复杂的物理过程十分关键。此外,大气垂直结构观测水平的提高对于气候模式的发展也具有重要意义。进一步完善整层大气的高分辨率垂直结构的观测方法在气候变化研究领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

Accident under-reporting among employees: Testing the moderating influence of psychological safety climate and supervisor enforcement of safety practices

We examined accident under-reporting with data from 425 employees employed in 5 industries with above average risk for employee injuries. We expected that rates for unreported accidents would be higher than rates for reported accidents; and that organizational safety climate and perceptions of supervisor enforcement of safety policies would moderate the relationship between unreported accidents and reported accidents. Results showed that the number of unreported accidents was significantly higher than the number of reported accidents. There was an average of 2.48 unreported accidents for every accident reported to the organization. Further, under-reporting was higher in working environments with poorer organizational safety climate or where supervisor safety enforcement was inconsistent. We discuss the implications of these findings for improving accident under-reporting and occupational safety in the workplace.     

Safety climate and the Theory of Planned Behavior: Towards the prediction of unsafe behavior

The present study is concerned with the human factors that contribute to violations in aviation maintenance. Much of our previous research in this area has been based on safety climate surveys and the analysis of relations among core dimensions of climate. In this study, we tap into mainstream psychological theory to help clarify the mechanisms underlying the links between climate and behavior. Specifically, we demonstrate the usefulness of Ajzen's (1991, 2001) Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to understanding violation behaviors in aircraft maintenance. A questionnaire was administered to 307 aircraft maintenance workers. Constructs measured by the survey included perceptions of management attitudes to safety, own attitudes to violations, intention to violate, group norms, workplace pressures, and violations. A model based on the TPB illustrated hypothetical connections among these variables. Path analyses using AMOS suggested some theoretically justifiable modifications to the model. Fit statistics of the revised model were excellent with intentions, group norms, and personal attitudes combining to explain 50% of the variance in self-reported violations. The model highlighted the importance of management attitudes and group norms as direct and indirect predictors of violation behavior. We conclude that the TPB is a useful tool for understanding the psychological background to the procedural violations so often associated with incidents and accidents.     

中国区域气候与谷物冷却机低温储粮

分析了中国区域气候对粮堆温度的影响．以及对谷物冷却机低温储粮应用的影响。高大平房仓、浅圆仓冬季机械通风后,整仓粮温可降到全年最冷月平均温度左右;夏季中下层粮温回升到全年计算平均温度左右。可以结合我国气候的特点．利用谷冷机与局部降温系统的互补优势,进行长期低温储粮。     

土壤-气候和烤烟品种及其互作对昭通烟叶重金属含量的影响

在云南昭通10个植烟生态区进行田间试验,以探讨土壤-气候、烟草品种及其互作对烟叶重金属含量的影响。结果表明,昭通烟区烟叶铜、汞和砷含量较低,镍含量较高,而锌、铅和镉与其他烟区烟叶的含量相当。土壤-气候、烟草品种及其互作和烟叶等级对昭通烟叶重金属含量的影响程度不同,它们对烟叶中7种化学成分含量总变异的贡献率分别为57.3%、3.4%、22.3%、17.0%,土壤-气候对烟叶重金属含量的影响最大,品种的影响最小。在土壤-气候因素中,土壤对烟叶重金属含量的影响具有主导性和普遍性,气象因子的作用则是次要的。